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ĪǳǼΪģһԣһСȲԵѽѽѧ࣬һڱ䡣
ǵץܵڶգĪ磬ĪǳУ´һʱţǰ§סŤСȤ֪С˶һ֣ͣ
ĪΪհ졣ޱ飬ɫȷװһʱסֱźþòŷӦѾƵȥ
ɣܿϵ֣ʼϰҩ䡣ɶԿҽ˵Ѿˡ֤Ī治ţֱǹŶˡ
ҲǳҲɵۡҲ㹻ԼʼɵˣʽüΪ죬ֻ㣬ڹҲǳˡ
Īޱ㳣޲ڣԼ书̲˺õĸ˷һҪΪѰʦȴһ䣬ѧר뾫̰಻ãҽԣ书ֻΪǿ塣˻ȥĪֶÿÿܣĪҲ뿪Ҳա
ĪǳССͣ͸Ī޳棬Խ簮Īǳг˵˼άȻֶһӵˡ
Īǰƽ޲С˶һո·ʱһζĿɰӣ̲סǰ۵ȻΪε¸ʲôҪģ
ˣ΢쵽⡣
Ī̾˫΢塣ˣʧأѵǡĻ򶴣ôƫҪĵ뵽⼸Լô˵Ȥǲû뵽ǡ
оԼʧܣĪøͣþĪǳ
Īǳ΢΢üأ
ռֿԳΪţĵı飬ĪеԼûʧܳףֲ΢΢죬̽ͷţֻ۽͵顣
ȻԶޱ顣
ĪǳȻʾϣȻת÷ȥ
ĪѸٸϣﲻԼʲôôǶӣֲӣת룬ԼҲϵϵңҲƽˡ
Ƭ̣һͤӳǰǳɫɴᵴѩ÷깲裬˿˿͸Ʈɹ
һǰһͤУʯǰһС¯ϷһĪǳ𣬵ˮ뱭÷ֻӨ͸ıƮż÷ӳˮ뱭Ҳǳɫ˳ַһĪǰˮ˵Ī̲ס̾СԼأ
һڣĪǳˣ
Īһ㶣ףǡ
ˣ
¡ڿһתĪЩеصΣֻ÷¡
Īǳ˲ֻűֽ˽
Ī˿³ͷһ˦Ҫ˦ȥЩˣɫһȻˣȻ£ֻЩء
ĪǳɨһֶۣűУ÷ĳڵʣ
ǰĪһۣԼΪʲôҪĶ̸⣬Щʣǵ밡ǸˣΪô꣬ȴʹȢ˶˶Ů
˵˵Ůʱأ⿴ĪǳȴǸӣ죬ǰġ÷衱һڣط¡޺޵СӣһҲСһ˶κӶЩңãϣˡһ뵽ԼҶƽ޲Լȶˡ
ΣĪǳʣ·뼺޹ء
ߣĪߣ˵Ҫ˵ˣҪϸˣȻٺݺݵرʧȥУʲô书ƸһûС֪ʱ겻ĺϻʲô飬ҿ뿴أ
ĪԽ˵ԽúЦǱ飬ɻ
รĪǳ²豭ϣͷһƫѨѹʳָϣڳ׼Īǳ˼ơ
һᣬֱ֣ĪԸô
Īһ㶣ӣЩףǴ𵽣ǰɣǺŸء˵ЩЦ
Īǳָ棬ǺãһԸԴ֮
˵ȥĪһͤз
˺þãĪ뵽֮ǰĶԻûɣ
ʱսؿʼڰ





                   



ܿ㵽Īǳա
ϲ֣ĪׯҲһ֮ˣֻĪޡĪĪǳһΧһҲҪ˺ţĪ߸ׯ˼˲ˣԼȥˡ
ϰһԷҲ񣬱߳Աġʵǡ
ٰүүģԵ㡣˵ЮһĪǳ
ĪǳĬĬسԡ
ǰءĪмһۣã㡮֡ǷŽǡ
ߣĪһ۽бһۣܺùЩˣóʲôûá
ٺ٣ĪЦţӷŵϣ˾ϵһۣһЦһ򿪸ӣһɼζ
΢΢һЦеˡ
ĪǳĬĬ԰
Īʢһ֣صطĪǳǰҵһ³ҵļˡ˵һǺ׵ӡ
ĪǳһٰУĪһۣһȴɴ˫۵ӣҨһУ£ȥĳ˵ɵøۣ𣬿ٵȻ۲
ôôĪ۾Īǳˣһʡ
Ī޸˵š˸Ů֮Ļ߿ʢҲãһڣȻͨ죬ˡһ˳һꡣ
ȿȡĪޱ߿ȱߵĪ϶صûԹ
Ī޴룬Ѻ𣿡
һȣһ˵ɴһĪ룬һڡ
ֹˡĪҲˣɵɵطĪǳ̵ģģģйζ㣬㣬㲻ˡָĪǳͣض
һҹȻӿЦЦߺŶ˵Ҳˡ
ĪǳҲ˿Ц⡣
ĪŮͨؿˡ
˵ŴǸΰĶŮ֪ˡ
ȵְգɫһƬǼת÷԰ͤСͤڰһֻǽնЩСԲ㡣
ĪǳΪ˵÷һ֣ţ˫ͤ⣬÷ʲôδۣһƬƽǴȱķͶĮĪһʱסֻԼ˵ؽȴôԶȻҲץš
ҴΡĪǳͻĻɢͤڵľĬ
ʲôĪĪͬʱ
ȴû֮ɫѾ֪˵ˣ΢΢һЦ
ĪǳæµӣҲ֪ЩʲôĪЩ֡
ĪܹĪߵӣʮ룬һʵȴܾĪׯ㱻ĪǳߣǳܰҲɣƽʱ鶼Լ֡ĪɱɵĻܾˡһǰԼûʲôָĪǳԺ㼸ûʱæʲôѵҪԼæ
һ֮¹Īǳ룬ȥűҪǰ˾䣺ҪΡ
һڶʲô
ĪǳתһȡЦҲʧ侲ʱ򡣡
ûѵòͬıֻ֣ע֮ǰĻʵҪȥ
Īǳһ㶣һ᣿
Ҳ˽һʳڱ֪ˣҲʲô˼׷ʵ˵Ҫָ
ǵ
ǡˣӦǸЩνġ·ɣǣĪӦòİɡ
ҡӰ񹦡ɣĪǳһɱ֪ڵʲô˵οҲ洫ԱݡֻҪСӱ֤ԱУĻŵġ
˵Сӡ侲Ҳһ죬ҲﰵȴҲۡ
ԳĪľ޵ĽֱаĽ֪ϲݣΪΨаѹĵף߿ȴ˼类ǰ˿͸ǰһ˵ƣľ˵ҪԼɵϣϾվԼһߵģ
ԺĪǳĪ˽⣬͸ŮŮһЩ¼Īöһ˿ͬꡣȻؼĪʼܣһֱһǰĪԼ̹԰ĽȻĪûȫſ֪һġ
мĻĪĪǳ֪ô˵Ī֪Ī֮£ΪŮĪףһַʽĪϹء
ȻĪǳ˵ǻرĽ̵õĽʵǱĺ̫࣬ϵֶӣʵӦҲкܴġͬĿ֮࣬Ҳɵػᵣģ뻹Ȱ١
ˣû˵㱻ĪǳڰִϣӦ֪ΪףһǰұˡȻŵοҷ䱤ڸҡ
ʲôһԼȻûз֣æʲô
ֻ֪ǸţʲôҲû
ʲôʱֵģˡ
ǰӰ񹦡ɵʱ򣬸оϢӦ֪书ֻ̫ԶӡĪǳһƽ˿ܲģ뵽ڱƤ»ôãͺܲˬ
ʲôʱǰĪǳҲνķԣֱʵ
ʮġ
ŵط˷,ڶ,ȻĪǳ硣




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ҪȥĪǳعͷűŹֵĸŮظ
ĪȷѣЩܻغΪôôģΪһ˵·ᴩ·˲ˣͦ˲ģţ꣬㶮ȥҴ
Īһߵͷʾͬ
Īǳһۣʾͷıӣ
ջ˼ֹĪ쭣ǳû˵ȥ
𣿡Īһ룬û˵Ǵ
ǳ˼ҪߣĪ޺ܿ׹
Īǳͷ
ҲУĪԲͬţ꣬ʲôֲᡭ˵뵽ĪǳûʲôģֶҽԹķζһλԼ·ȻòôЩԼᣬһʱ
ЦĪӾ֪뵽ʲôŮˣǴȴӦٶۣƽʱǳദҲûȥСһ˵ŷֲԣԸ񡭡
뵽ȻȻͬ񾭴Ī޿ȥȻһ˼̾丸ŮյĪ޶ߵ˵˾仰
Īһ̧ͷʡ
϶صͷ
ĪɫأƽʱֻʣϣƬ̣ǳԱ۾ĪǳϣһգգţҵıɳʱƮƿ紵
ȻСĪǳɫ䣬˿½Ƕδ϶
۵ƽȴ޾ġ˵УС
ãĪֿƬ̣ջΡ
Ī
ΪĪסĻŵͷĪܹܸ׼£Īȥɡ
ãĪǳܾһˣ׼ã
⡪Īԥ
һ˷ЩĪǳ͵
Ī޳ĬƬ̣ڵͷӦ
Ī˵ʲôס
ˣһʱ䣬콥ˣԻطȥˡ
ΪʲôֹǣĪһطȲ׷ʡ
һº͵һƬأؿĿ÷ǳ䱤ڼ
Īһ뵽˫ۣһƬ㱡
Ŀɬ˶
죬Ī񣬶ʹ۾һ㶣
ѸٷӦ΢΢һЦһᣬȴᡣ
ҡĪæҪ͡
ûʲôϵֻǳ˵书ߣǵһ䱤ˣҪǳǰڹɣڻֲˡǳ˽⣬ҪǸĿĲžΣȻֻǽڣ
ͬҴ߳ģΪʲôҪĪ⣬˵㶼û֣ȴˣѵڵ书ˣ
Ҳ벻ͨ˼ܲΪ飿Ҳšͬ⣬ǳڹɣڲ֪߳Ҷ٣书ʽȴôϣֹǲӮԱࡣοȻ˵ҲȴǴýж㲻õġ
ģĪš
ұ֤
ðɣš˵Żס°ͷϣ԰㣬°÷ϣϲƣ˲䣬ŵˣ
§ĥĥͷûֻЩѹЩôˣ顣
Ī۾⣬գգ˵Բ𡣡
öԲģ˫ֽ˽һٺõ㣬ٺõ㣬õûʱ
ãһŬܵġ˺þãĪƵ
Цˡ
ڶһ磬Īǳôһڰ˯ʱ뿪Īׯ
ӰߣʮӰ֮һǰĪǳֻ˵ţû˵Ҳû˵ӣֻǸšȻӰ˵ڼ򵥣̫Ī˫۾ֻǣĪǳꡣ
ĪǳȻˣӰСС;ͳеΪȻֻмˡ
Ÿţһֱ˼УͻȻǸССӰҲϢҲ޷֡Ӱ޷ţһһңֱҵɽһҲûСڲȻԼʧˣôʧܵĴ
Ӱ޷ҧҧȥ㱨
䱤
ڸ߸ϵıϣбұ߷֣ʳָס°ͣƣ˵ĸоȴ
һһܽԻ㱨ӻһ뿪
Ƭ̣Ӱ
սսػ㱨꣬Ӱ˫¼̱ڵء
𣿡꣬ʣһ£ֵԼȥ췣
ǡӰ˵겻ҿһۣ뿪
ۣ
˺þãзƮһ
Ȼ



                  ھ 



޺żһƬУһȻĽ
ɫ¹ںϣɵ⡣
˸ĴƮȥȴһֹסһƬɫƶסʱ䡣
һˡ
һ¶ˮʯϣΧĹ⡣
ַɿˣϢԽԽأȴԽԽ䡣Ѫ̫˰ɣΪʲôҪܣǰѴ̽ؿڵķɵжԼˣ
Ҫ𣿸ףףʧ𣿵һγͱ˷ɥʧ𣿲㲻ᡣֻ˫ۣһһǾӵʬ塣ǣҲ㿴һ۰ס
ǰһƬ⣬Ҳûˣ˵ڵءŹþ̧ͷȴһʵӰһƬǹ⻹ҫ۵ĺڡ
䱤λݣԱʮƷ壨׫Ҫڵͼң䱤ɽΧһǴǧɵͱڡ
鷿ǧͱ֮ϣڴǰ±Ǽֱǵͱڡ
ӡһ㱡⡪Ʊ⡣ 
ϡӰһֵ
ĵ³ͷҲδء
ҹһԳƴȻأүؿΪɵУ֣ټʧѪ࣬ѡӰһ˶٣ŵүʲôҩһ´޲ߡԳɰգ衭
ͷֱµӰһ
֪ѼͷӰһҳɣصĸĸֵܽãΪ䣬ţѪڲΡ
ϸǰͷ
ֶԣʮ꣬㣬书ӦڶˮƽӰһһϣصδ鵽δҽ֮ˡ
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зһʱǰ鿴԰ǰͻȻһ磬Գɽ䱤ұ㴦ϲ־֮Сϲ۹֮ǰĸ䱤ܼ֮ǧΪԶֶθΪ䱤չԭΪ֮ף־ڷ˴˵ܹ˾Բܡ
죬δܼʱԮ˳ûȣܵĴģ
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ƽʻзӿ־лŷԶʯŸꡣ
һڻº֣һ˫۽΢ԵڲͬӳŻһƬĮĹ⡣
ǵģСǣзָƽʱ򶨡
һס첻Ҫˡ겻⣬ֱӷԸ
зǰ鿴ֹȻ˵һҪ󡭡
⡭ϲĳɣ²͸⣬һ˼ֱֻʵ֪СӼϵǡ
Ѫˬشĸѣֵܽô֮ɰգԽԽ١
Ѫָзģɣ
ס겻ʡ
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һֻҪĻ˶ܾ
ûоܾĻƽĵͷԡ
ƽӣƽĻзҭסˣһʱò͸⣬ͺʹܴ޻һƮƮ޴ĸоܡǵģʮˣһѶԸˣȻŵһԭǣԸ뷨С
ǣзָӴҰС̧Լס԰ֹذסӰӡĶǳλ򡪡δȴߡɣǴ޽ȡֻôҴ䱤˼ʾ
ȻзһµȴĴݡ




                  ʮ 



һδʱ1300-1500˵˶ݡ
ϴȥ糾Уз繧ǰȺ䡣
˵˵ᵯһˮʵ
ǡзѵҹظһ顣
ô˵һ㣬˭֪ˡ
⡭з类һ۴̵ľȷʵ֪
˳ֱһȲ裬ᴵ˴Ʒš
зսսͷð
ǱȥʶλСɡ²豭
ǡзϽǰ·ǰȥ
зˡ԰һ·ָʮƷ֣ʲô񡢽񡢸񡢵񡭡
ӰǰɢһƬ
Ѹͦ㣬֦Ҷ䣬һƬӰһĵüΪסͷ΢ð߲ɢϣγһƬƬΡüͷ΢˫ֱˡ
ۡ
국һۣתз磬ʵˣ
з亹æϡת˵ϣλǾүСӡԣ˴֡
صƤ˴ƽĮ΢΢۽ȴʹ֮ữЩƽҲ޷ڵɡ
˫۴Щɻ󣬻
˸ףɫƽƴδˡ
ĸʡ
üֱ˫ۣƬ̣峿ġ䡪
䡯ᣬ顣 
֡Ŀǣ
Ҳܺá˦˦䣬´һʮ壿
ʮƮǰһͷͬ´һص塣
ʮһ治ɫ֮£ȴδʡ
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˾ӣֻ档
зߣˣֻ֣
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ջз˿мؿһչϽӣ˻ġ
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зϽϡ
ɫ׵ؿڲһѷɵһŮǰؿţһʮŮվڴߣмǲΪȻӣԶһϸϸƷţ״УзԼѾĬĬվһߡ
ź󿴵Ρ
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С㣡һСѾͷһæȥסӡ
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һۣŮ˱̵úһϣʱ˿ɫ԰ף֣̿ͷ
ƳԹԵƷ裬
зֹ֪ʲô˼Ȼݵ㡣ֻøϽԲŮӵˣλӾҽҪΪΣ֡ʾӵҪ˼Ҿء
Ī֡΢˸ϸѩ硭
ֻҩ˯һûˡ˵꣬ҩ䣬һѵ֮¶˳
зʾСѾͷѩطȥ˵һ£ԼҲվһߣӰ
벻⣬µعۿҩһѹߡҩϣ˴С״ͬĵķбֳǵķұǴС̲һ룬һЩƺǰ⻨˵ӡһƿƿҩԼһЩĶ׵ôۡ
ֻһ²Щ㲻ˡ
ȡһ˫ɫ׾Դϣֱǰ鿴Ͽһ˱棬֮ǰĮһɨաһʱ¶⸱ӣǰڹ¶ԺܵӰ֮һԺʦһõְҵ£ҲԲߵѧǼСʱ꣬ѧרҵ֪ʶԭ򡣣
˿̲ͬ飬ɵظŹȥϸϸع۲ɫ˰˿˿ڣ鿴һؿڵơ
רעĿ⣬䡣
ϣתͷײӣͷһǱ仯ĪĿ⣬ӿһ޷ݵĸо㶵ش
һһ׵ǿҶԱȣﾹúг֮
ؼʱðޱȣ·ֻʣˡ



                  ʮһ 



ӿϲõԤУŶӵ˾ޱȴۣˣθߣ֮ǰȫЩ˻ߵĸо
һ̣عƽľ룬౻УҪΪʧѪ࣬ðȻεȻɥҪΪѪҪ˵ѪҺڷɣ֪λ˵Ŀ֮ת
˵ˢذˣ촽٣ңҡ
Ҳüͷһ塣
һ˼λˣֻһЩɥҲӰ죬ѪӪĲˡ
˵ʲôѪδţ˭֪㰲ʲôġص
Ƴһۣת
Ƭ̣ؿʵǡˮλѪ
˵ġˮλѪǵҽʥͯǣʮǰΪħ˵ʱõķҩˮѪŵϣƵҩۣˮαὫѪע뻼ڡַиܴȱ㣬ҩˮδѪҺע뻼ں󣬳Ҫܴȥⶾ
࣬סˮ֮ԣõһַҩȡһ͸ϸܣ׵һȸǳһѪѪѾӵѪҺʮʱףúѪҺܸõںϡҩһʱֱӴϵѪ͸ԣѪ
أһʱδ
ؿɫȻƬ̵
üѯͷҩóһָָ֣Ͳ
ӹһͷĸӣһѪζ΢üһźɫҩ
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Ȼ٩ԣ
㡪һʣ˭֪·˰ʲôģһҪأ
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ɨһֱ̧ۣѪȥ
з΢Ҳ֪ʲôӦǻʶģȴ˹Ρ
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ʮﴦһպĹׯŴׯΪǰĳλУռʮĶׯڵ300ȴǰһҹ֮ȫ״Ϊɲٸȴֻһ˵˵õ֮Ļ֮
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ޱؿ뿪һͷߣһû˵תԷȥ

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סŲȴûлͷе޳ĬȻ
ͻһ߼ΪͲ㣬ƺʲô֪Ϊʲô뿿㡣˵ǰļ磬ͷۣΣ㿪ҡ 
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аĪΪһǿʵĹŴŮӣȴֺܶƺŮסˡ˵ûĪʲô˺ֻǲѣȴҪΪѡ֪⣬ش˻عˡ
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ӼҵĪׯĪʮȴֻƣиһŮԷΪΪĪȴȻ뿪Ҫܵѹ֪ûĺе˺֮мأֻҪĿӦòῴ¹Īľʱı֣
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ĪĪԸ񶨵üΪʣĪ޷ĪĪǿΪ˻ծʵѰϣˣΪܵ˺ΪЩ¡ĪʵϲûҪνҪʧȴһΪֻڷɧѡ¿˵дú
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ĪԽ˵ԽúЦǱ飬ɻ
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˵ȥĪһͤз
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31

ݾ䱤ֹǧ֮ңһеʱǰʮġ
ʱ19:0021:00һݱֱ䱤ķֶ棬ʮն̫ӭŻҳ·˽ƣЩԲعȴȣѩڰƵģûɹڲ˵ҳûճһ㡣ﰵڣ֪⿪ͷϺذſϣԭɧѱûҲϲϣĺˡ
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Ϻö˼źɫҹ£һĵشӰ߳
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ǡ˼εشٶ밵

32

ǰнܣ¥һ׵ĳݵ¥˵ܲģ󣬽׵Ʒ࣬ɹ׵ļ۸Ҳߵġ
¥¥ĪԣǸ֮ȴһҹһҹ֮ڴưڵʮ￪ͬһ¥¥ĪһԣĳĳԸ񣬾˲²ģΨһʵģ¥ӣ䱤ҲͻƵϣȴĪһѵ
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33



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34


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35


ùͣһʯҡ
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36

ҽĪŸĸ޵ڴϡ
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37

ԭ̫ƽԭǰħ̡½ֽ
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ƹĪ໥һۣԳĬˡ

38



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쿴˸һ£ͻȻץסұۣĵʯ̨
ʱһ¹͸ϵĶʯ̨ϡ

ʯ信δȴޱȽ
ݳ̴Ϣʾڰʱǰ㱻½̵ʥأʱ֪ˣƫƫþҲ޷ʥڣֻýɵĵطһһѰһļ㽫ԶԶ˦֪ʲôطȥˡ
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ֿЦҵٴѪһб仯أ
ЦӣǵĮûгЦš
ЦһվȤͣƽϢһ·Ѫ̲סʵкγԹΪҪ
кγ𣿡ʵ
ͷֱ˾Ӹ¸ӵĸоܾûоˣЩˬЩ͵صҽ䱤𣬡˵´һԴ̵˵᲻֪ɣ
죬˿ţ֪
и̾һۣǲֹ
ߣһٻش
Ϊ⣬ʯ̨ҵӰѵʮ㣬ǲȥġ
Ȼµʱ˵ԲסһѿڶôܣûʯЩװõİģ
ģǻģӾУɽòǲܷաɻ󣬵ػش
ʵǴԽģҲô뵽ӡӰ񹦵˾Ųʱ򣬱㷢ԲµĹϵӰ񹦾С˵һ㣬ԭ޷оþӾ˸¹⣬Ȼ°빦֪ͲӰ񹦿ת߲˵ϣÿǸ˰æĵˡʵ¶Ӱƣ޼仰ʵ˵Ӱ񹦵ֻ֮ǣûо˺뵽һѡ
ߣ֮ԱǣȴвС𶯣Ҫôǻ۲ˣԭеĶϰҲʮɶѣ֪ѾûдˣֻԼûָ㣬Լ취ռµľȻʮʱ㵽ʮ㣡תϵԱͻƣȴϻ䵽˾ء
ʵǸ߿ˣϲһ߹ֻΪһЩȽ֪ʶþ˸װãȻȰ½Ķʮֹ
ҵ֪Ϊ⣬˵Ϊ㶨Ҫ⻤
ҪԭҪס㣬ܾ㲻򵥣Цһȴû뵽С㣡ԭҲ˵˵ķһۣڵͦͬġ
ĬԶԡ
һоöˣҪôңɣ
Ա㡣˵꣬תᱧ߳ʯҡ
ĿɿڴؿıӰΣȭϣȭͷƤƽϢھٶҡĨȥٴѪߣбòֱ˺Եĸоǲˬ
һǰŵϵϣ档
αأʹҲ㱣ֶõѡɨһѪ˫֣ؿڵ
δۣ˻ƵصΪΣңָУȴϷɣҲΪ˱ѣҲΪ˻ĵʹʹô󡣵Ѫѩ׵ϣγһͼ
ûлش֪Ӧλش
һƬţֻг⴫֤ĳطǰš
㾿ΪΣкγԹ㣬ΪȨƣЩ㱣֪ΪѹסҩΪѵʹ
ǳĬãΪشʱˣ֪Ǳ۾ɡ
Щɻ̲ס۾֮ǰеҩģƬǰˡ
ǡͫ׷Ŵ󣬿ǰԼмƵ𾪳
ǵģ״ˡȥݵĮؿ·߸ϵڸӷˡ
ŵĮ۾

39


ĴĵؿЩɵʵ
ؿűŵĮ˫۽һڲڣΣȻ
䱤һرį
ǰ䱤ͻȻʧ٣ͬһҲһ𲻼䱤µĸǳ󻤷չͦ½α֮λ˿ʼµ궯䱤ѾǳС
ë˲ſ۾ϤľЩԻȥӰɽΪλص䱤֮ڣľУأˣ
뵽εǰһ̣ͬѡ̧ۿȥͷƵݣȴŲͬĵĮ
״ˡ˹ƽشкÿ춼Ƶġ
ûп˵Ϊ֪˵ʲôѵڽСӡŶ˶壬ȫȻҲӰ٣ȻǱˣѹܸоˣСԺ㳣䣬Ҳо¶ȱ仯Ϊ˵ģû뵽ھȻй١
ҲƣһСѾͷϴƷŽСѾͷ΢΢㽫ϵĶһߵϣһ˳ȥš
ߵǰеšɣֻصߣϸµĲڶͷϣ۽ǡա
רע飬Իˡ
ͭǰϸϸķ˿޳ָīд󣬲ʱػͷƤһƬڣֻͬëһģֱ衣ıѣʹֻһ̳㣬ٳ㡣
ʲôоͷؽһֻ۹̶ãΪϼ׺硣
ȥˡ˵꣬ᱧ
ûͼŮӰ㣬߳û뵽Ҳ䵽أԼĶԴ
ϣԼԱߣŮ˲мļϣݵһ򰮺ȵ÷һУ˻ȥƷ裬ȴǰ
ϣȫ˿ֻбϣĹ⣬Ϸɢ˲ӡƫƫԱߵȴ˿Ӱ죬Ʒ裬üͷδһ£ڵ˫ۡϡŵ֮ʣƵݣһ˪һĮƽˮ棬һ£һˣʵȷʵûˣȻǴ˿̵ĻǶôΨ
߽ıôһһʱҪ˵Ļ
ˣòڣʵ
ǡӦЩ죬Щ飬Ҫǳ֪ĶӺǰ๫÷Ļһȡ
ĪǳСӣҳŽһȫµŮӿ˷С
ƴĹϸüһ˫鶯۾СɵıӣС΢΢ţ͸һ˿ΣͷϻЩˮӦǸϵ̫ɵġ
Ī¼ûºۼֻɫ࣬ҲǰࡣӣվŵϣǰͻȻӸһͷɰҲһͷ˳ͷ
Ȼһ߰꣬ţҺһ굽ͷߣΪѰ㡣ĪԹ˵ƺ޵ί̲סۡ 
۵Ȼ˵ĶߺӦĴɣУΪǳô֪ߡ
Ҳ˵дŸǡһֱĪ٣һ汣һΪ˴š
ĪҭסǣҲӦð겻ңûҡ
㣿ӦǱ۸ɣĪӰﰧ̸֮̾ԴСĸ֮󣬱㳣ȥȻͱҪιѩè·˵жãжЩñ˲֪ٱӰڵķˣεѩӱ쵽°ϵĺƲƲ죬ðɣпñãʱɣĮĸǲǱСĸױƳģ
ΪԸӵЩڵתͷһĪȫʧ䱤ҲӰ֮У˵һˡ
ɶĪµӣæŴͿ
ٴһۣ书ƸʧԸ˵ɡ
Ī㶵˳Ŀ⿴
һȴ˼δİ׺磬书ȫʧ״ϣȴʱ̸ܵ°꣬ӣܽӽ
ŵؿĪ̲ס
£δйľ£ʹܼϵĿ̣Ҳ˺¡ص룬ǳǻԸģô
ĪתͷһϣȻ¶˰Ѹٱߣĵ˵˾仰
ҲҸʺ˵ůءĪʧĿЦ㱵
ԭΪƽ˵
ĬԶԡ
һʼĽӽΪһգҲûԹԵؽ˵ɫδ䣬ȴһ˿Ѫ
ǳĪʱѷſˣһæӡ
һۣ˵Ҹףĸ׶׷ֺαأ
Ī˵ʱ˿ΣϣǳĿϾǸӡȻ˿ȴͻȻЦһЦɵȥȴڿЦұЦѪ
ֹסЦӣ弸ûӣףӣ
ƽؿȴʲôץסƵģʮַơ
һĻа׹һͫ˲Ŵ𾪵ؿһۣɲؿӰɣ
ˣ̲סȵ
ҪǰȴӰһһӰЮסȥһҪǰֹȴĪӰͻȻһˣͷһ
ӰһһƮߣܹ˵ı
ĪӰѸǰסĵڶϸһƣȴ󻤷չ
øչĪӰһصȻĹ˵ţȴʹй
չӰ׷ȥǰȴĪӰһеأĶҡ
չһʱƲֻεһ
׷˳ǰԽԽӽϳӰӰһշ䱤ʱӰ¹һȴһҲû׽û뵽Ӱһȴڴʱ֡
ϹôṦȴһۼ׷ϣȴ˯ȥã׷ˣΣ
˽ŲֻһӰӣʧԶ

40


Ԫ꣨һǹעĴžǲǰϷһˡ
УԻѡ̫ģܶ಻ȵ볯лھ渲ԣһߡеľдֻ֣۲ΤôѣߪΪȪСΪ¶ɹ٣ʮؼѧϰ˴θѡλ¬ԸΪʷ
ȻЩгȻΤûûüȥΣһֵĲ㱣ؾ˻ԣҽ޲֮£ʵ۸̫ҽǰٰΣȻȻ޽չʱ˽ԣΤ˵֢״Ʊ֣ʿɮǰȥаŵȴЧǣʵѸ£ΪΤ䣬κߣ͡
Īׯ÷԰Ҷ÷ޡҶ÷÷СҺ졢Ҷ֦Ҷܣ÷Ҷ÷֦̻ܣ֦׺֦
÷ԺĪޱ㽫÷԰סԼᵽ½԰ʱĪˣ˻ĴѵĪ⣬÷԰֮С
ҪȥҽǸΤãĪӰǰ꣬ʵ
ȥĪӰ˵ۣһʵˡʱĪӰĪƣЩŮرһӣ죬룬Ӳǰһ촽Ҳƺڱ£ñЩ俴ȥȻĪȴҲΪŮˡ
ĳȴ仯ֻθЩƵݣΪǷݶصĵĮʶԵͣдţȥʮһƫƫѹӡ
Ŀ׷ķɫ÷꣬˵ǼȻٹƣҪԼǰ 
ٹƣ갴һмصķģר٣Ҳϵٹһԣĸ֣֮ӳģëë棬ֻǶ˶Գ򣬿ʮֿɰĸгӵĴָСӹҪĸСЩǰˮһȹȫˡɽִҽκãҲ˽ʶ˽˳ʥͯǡ
ʮˣȴƤͯ㣬챾׽ŪʵͽɽȻһСĺ˼ҵɽȡ˵׽ŪˣĳȴǼã˴ƫƫԼҽȺȴ޷סɽȣΪ˱ֻܽصھ֮ʱȴȺһ۵˵ܱסȡ
̧ۿȥݿȴһȻһߣʱķңһʮĺͯʴʣŤһǰץס½ҪӳȥˤͷСԺĪҪ˵󻰡֪δˤƮƮɽԡǾסһǰҪˤһΣȴʮרҵز鿴ɽƣЩĻˣҽΣȻвͬķҲƽ֮ǰĲˬһ԰ˡ
κɽǾΪˣʶӣȴĳΪʮֵںɽ֮󳣳ЩƣȻ߰㣬ҲûоܾĽύ˺ദ£һɽ浽ȻϺˣ˵ǼΪѵá˶ҽк裬˫ǳҪϣ˵ҪֱǼΪᣬӵֹαóٹƸ˵¿ôѰǷϷ뿪
ʱΪΤöٹƣǶҪȴˡ
ᴥĸ߻˯ӹƣ룬ôԶľ룬ۻˡĮһ˿
֢״ɻ꣬ൣǵ˵ǰ½ǳһԪˣչδѹİ½ѽȡ˴ˣǲưոݡ
ǰǳĪҲЩĵ˵ϴҲǳǲ㸸죬Ρ
סĪĻһº͵˫۴ʱȴǵؿס־˵

һأӹƲ֨лع񣬰صӹ£ӹء֨֨ĸٶȳ˯ȥ
õģһᱣԼã˵
ĪҪԣȴ֣Ҳˡ
ĪӰӸոʼһֱضţƶߡǰӰߺظоı仯Ȼ˿Ժʹǰһ䵭ģȴס֮Ժ
꣬ĪӰȫ䱤䱤֮ľԣǼ뵣ĵģĵҲʱ֪ǷֿˣȻþ䱤Ҳ޷˿Ӱ٣ӣôģ
ҹ԰
ΪȰǳĪ˫ֱסŵ˫ȣ°ͷϥϣͷڴߵ
̾˿ĪͷûǳЩԾô
ĪգգۣСͲԾ㲻֪ôɰӣϱҵͷɰˡ
̲סĵԽԽСˣ˵ǳʱڷûô
Īһ£һ˵ôΡ
̾һأٶۣ
˾ߣ׷ȥٻԺҾͷֲԾˡ
ĪգۣĬĬʵʲôԾ
ʱеᡣ룬ŵʱΡ
չ䱤󻤷书߾ʱ֣ĪӰĶҲǾһӣֶأ˶ȥ
Ҳûȥ׷ԶȥʱıƽʱһȻȴеį뵽֮ǰʧ̬뵽ǸȻ𣿲ֹͬԣǸӣп
ȥˣ˳Ȼɡ
ôˣĪЩĵʵ
ûʲôοطıİɣֻǾǳһĪׯлᣬȥߣɢɢҲá
ǣ㲻˵ħ̡ĪȻģȻ֪ǳǰļ䣬˷Ųġ
ûµģıӣ˵ɻҲֻа½̲УǸΤõʲôҲҵҩοǳҪԱûģ˵жأǻῴġ
ԸɡĪϤȻûȫģҲ˵
ڶգĪûû˵ĶУĪӰǵĿ£뿪Īׯֻƥżҩ䣬򳤰ȥ

41


Ĵǰפһʯʨӣ߸߹дšΤֵĺڶҶŷ׷ɣĴʹſȸ
˿ԵЩĴţǰ˿
ãһϵ
֨ѽصĴŷϵһ죬¶һŲϵͷȫףϲƣֱϺ˵˳жȫڴ䵽˵ϡ
λ۾죬˻ʵ
ؿǣ棬ҿɾˡ
ͻȻЦֱҲôϣСӺôģ˵ǰҪ
һ˲˿ȥ˵ļüëˡ
ɣǾеֱȥüëȴϵŭƭң
ҲƹΤȥ
ǸϽϣ߱תڼ仹ʱʣСӣôֵģ
ûǰȥԸˣͶˣһǱˡ©һǾǣ֪ΤĲ֡
СӣߴˡǵԶԶ
еΤɫ԰ףȴӢ٣ֻЩˮÿһ̾Ϣʵ⻹ѧҺķȻΤѲܿˡ
ȷɻꡣ¼飬ͷ˵
ʱж֮ǰݣ˿̬ӡҲѹֽ˳Ϊʥͯˣֻһʮˣȴûһ˿ƣһͷ׵ͷϲϵ˶Ǹʮ߰ꡣֻʮˣȴһĹ龫֣һҲûСˡԾ
ҾͲɻ꣬ǿŵ̾˿ҵʱѾˣҾȲˡ
бһ۵ҿΡ
˵ϣеҾ֪Сˣ
̫磬ƿȻ˽ҩж̫ãܲѹδ֪֮
Сӡǵ
һۣû˵
ǣҧҧʵжٰգ
һ£ɣϾʱҪˡ
ãͿˡɫص˵Ѳǣˡ˵ţһϾмʧ䡣
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ߵߣΤЩҵͷظ΢ݵգˣǰˡ
û˵ʲô֮˾֪ʥͯҽΣΤѾԸԼˣֻҽˡңӣΤҵĹϵ֮޷ġ
Ըȥ׼ˮɻԭϸؽ˵
ǴѪѡȴûнӴĶԺһɨ֮ǰĵأִС֪ԸҲûжٲʵķӦ
׼Ʒ̽빤״̬ΪΤöԸУ仰֪˭˵ģݴʱǡˡòĿüֱͦıӣһӦӵеģֻ۽΢΢ЩȻ촽ԺԵãԸС
֮ǰĪӰһΤõԲѪпյĳľ뵼˹ھУ鿴ϵͳڲûжѣõѹȣʲô֢˭Ҳ֪ǣҪǿܲѹܣȬϣܣûˣȻҲȥǡ
ҪΤԼԼ־ˣ˵Щϵ
ǳĬ˵꣬Ѿζлˡ
ذڰ֣ʾⲻã漴ʰһһذڻҩС
λүʱһʮ߰ͯ˽ֱһ˵үǰȥһ𡣡
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ΤãΤѵϡ
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΢΢üȴ֪̽˵˽㵭˵ʱ򣬳Ҳ־
ԣԣΤʧ̬վ૵˵뵽ˣһҪüöѹ˵꣬˴á
һ£ҡҡͷ̧豭ϸϸƷš
˴һӣȥ
Τƺᰮɣ̶һ·Ѽüɻء
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֪ǲҫۣͻȻеһѣΣҲͣɢųߵȫסʯʹ̫ѨͻȻ˵ºøֶΡ÷˶úڣڷͶҩڲ֪˶
ԸôܲСġһ
Ȼתȥ㣡
ҡ˵ţȥ

42



һ˳Ⱦ°߽࣬ɽ֮ѩհ޷
˰Σ״ˡ

оˣվǰЦЦ˵
ĬȻԽˣȫסߵʯȴ޷ס»䣬ֻȻһЦֽס»ӡ
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ֱ촽Ҫ븹һҧѪ˳˵ĴѪζǻָһЩؽ뻳Уͷ
ձǵϢȣؿֱʧȥģģ䣬ȴƵΪʲôҪң
һ㶣ʱ
ıĶݼ䲻ͣ©ૣƾĺ
֪Ǳҵĸ𺳣Ϊҩ޷ѹƣƺڻһϣɫ죬۰ţ촽΢ţϸ뱻ѪȾø촽γǿҵĶԱȣջ
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ؿΪһͬĵ𣿡˵ţкһһֻҲͬʱץסһ󣬹һֳ֧ǣΪҶ㻹κϧ
˵ϴһٶʹгоֹƶ˰㡣
ץס˫֣ѹͷһǶ̫ˣӦôֱһ㣬֪һʹζ
˵꣬һʹȷֵøͲĵط׼ѾõĵطһֱӽڣʱѪ졣
ͻľʹŴ죬ˡʹҪ岻ԽŤҪӿ˾ʹ
ϵĿ԰ѳ֣ý
𶯣͵˵ˮ˳£ʹһٵİ㣬Ҳ
Ķ̣ûܹ˶ԴʱһĮһͨģԴ㣬ƴŤ˺
̲סˡ˻˵һ䣬ĥǣҲܲ˵ƴǿҵĿУʹ޳
νܣǸӡ
ǸطͲģʹ⣬ʱǿʹãʹķΡ֮ǰ˴ҩҵʹؾǿҵĿУԭ޾Ŀ౻ƽܿ죬С
ǰİ֮˵Ĳ̱Ѻ󣬵һʱ޿ҧĵʹԼޱߵĿС
£˴˵İ𣬶һһµײб䵭

43


Ǳѵģʱǵڶʱ̫ա
Զ˶ȻȫʹرǺǸطֻǣһ£ȴɵصһʵǣ̫̫̫ʹˡ
ߡߡԱߴЦ
ݺݵصһۣеԹԶ׼ֻǴʱغڳУ㷢ɢԺ˿ڲסľϵӡӨ׵ϴһĨΣԭ߿ȴǶȺƵԹ
һǣһīдŨŨЩѹֵس˵ҹ𣿴˿̻ջң
㡪һϣ³һ֣Ťתͷܿȵĺ
ƽͷ䣬ôˣ
ߣһϵĲʣƿͷˣԺұ㻥Ƿͣˡ
룡ɫһһӿңǷҵģһ
ݺݵؿҲǷʲôοδĵûз֮
Ƿʲôݺݵصɻʵ
ԲֻǸոյıģǰδеĻȴ˲٣ֻԺõػСĿռʱչ졣
ǺǡͻȻЦѣĿֻȴûЦ⣬꺮ˣһаа˵ҹúܣùͶǺܲµΪ
㡪ҹԼһʼĿܣȡϺθƲͷЩǱ˵ѵԼԼĶӾеˡӿ˼˵ɬ̲סҪ
еĺʱڻĺۼѵ¿ˮĳˣҪƷ
Ķж̧°ͣѾõ촽ȥ
ɴ۾һʱûӦֱͷУغݡ
ȴзֿסʹ޷ҧȥ۵дɨ϶֮࣬衣
죬ַ˵ľҺ޷Ƶ˳°£ɿ顣
žձſ˦ָһĶ⣬һʱ˾סˡ
ҵġȷӦҧҧ˵ɫӲȴԽЩ顣
Ȼ仰ȴе񾭣һѿסĲӣѹ򳵱ڣǣҵģǷŻᰮˣϸؽڴѷףдǿѹѵŭңûкô
ɫ죬ֻ΢ץסԼϵȴī
һΣץסһŤֻꡱһѾʣһڵϣһ롭
һУַЩ۽Σյ˵˵ŭңҲЩĸסֵ֮ĳ¡˵һ˦ӻرϣԼ¡
ȡסӲͣԣֹǺ顣
Ȳؾס½󣬵㽫ˣ
˿ץסĵطȻĮȻûдеĽˣ̺⣬˵
ܣ侲ӿ½󣬵˵㲻ץǣӰûôƣĪׯķҲʮܣ㲻ܡ
รΣյۣͶ¥ȫôģ
ôһ㶣
ô֪ĪˣߣҲɵӡ˶ٵǰħܼʱҵ㣬Īǳ˲
һϣɻ꣬Ϊҷɾ裬ԼתҵߣԱӰĪԣȴ죬㣿
ܳɹ𣿡ûзϣؿһۣһֻС󣬻ץУ̻
˼⣺ûܳɹǴʼջɵĶ죬ԼҲУֻǲ֪СĸӰǾôˣʱϢԴѶϣӰǱƣȴֲǵİΣģһ˵ֻţҲ
Ĭһᣬøֹ©ֶҲЧ
ȴһתֻǣ룬ΤöӵעģҪ֪쵽ɻҩȫûκοκΤˡ 
бһۣҵ֪֪Τ֪ߵģ
Ҳ֮ǰ벻ף˵ΪʲôΤ˵Τп֮ܲôھ뽹֮÷裬ټϼ㣬벻ͨˡ
Զôʵܼ򵥣һҵһˣ޷Ҳѡ񡣡
û뵽һ֮ơ˵
ô֮һ̬鴫Ϊһг׼ӣ֪١
壬ڱϣأϵһƽղͬģı飬˵Һӡ
ʲôϵν˵񣬾ڵɫҲòɫǣֻͷϸش͸һ飬˵οڿɲǸˡ
һһɺʵ°ȻӣѵܵĴ̼̫ˣһΣԼΪЩڵĸо
һ֮ת
ͻȻͣ˾һ𣬻عɻضһۣ
·ҿԣҪӴ˴·ơ
ֿĮ˶̲סٵģ
ϡӰһƽԳ⴫
ˡ֮ǰɫؾɽˡ
ӰһشǡҪ֣ȴһţס

üʾ˵ɡ
صЩˡ
бã÷Ϊκ˶Կݣ 䣬ȴû˵Ψңȴ˲̣ 
ʲô˼ЩΪλһ˿ˣֻЩɽˣɱһαأ
ûʲô˵˾䣬ӰһǾˡ
Ȼƽʱ޲ͬȴоʱԵúΪʲôټı˺ܶ࣬ҲȲȶΪʲô
ӰһָʾһȺɽһ٣ˣǱ·
֪ʻֻ֮һ·û˵ʲôҲû١˲٣ûȷûץסĪ֮ǰ뼤ŭ־õİ취ֻǣųĬһߵ಻룬ʧ䣿Ƿ𣿾Ȼʧ䣿
ƻʱͣ

44


ˣһ˵ˡ˵Դ̷ͨ˿ʼ㼫Ϊˣ֮·˳Щ޷󣬲ƸۻֱΪƳ׸
ӭϡĸɫʵ˴ʱһˣԼſڣӭͣǰ۵ˡ
µĵȴУ˲һȾ˳İ㣬ԾǰҲδһۣȥɫŤᱧţ򸮡
޿κεбϣؿйһۣתͷѻָһ信׵״ǳҵϣҾȻڿơ
бһۣЩ˵ĪΪ˺֮ˣ
ҵȻţӵĻ˵ֻζεȴδһ˿״˺ֶΡ˵˿һۣҾȻֹɱµĶӣЩڡ
ԣؿһۺٶתǻ֮ˣҲ䣬䱤İԱĹԵʲġ
ƮǰһƷ˿Ļûκαʾ
˵ֻû뵽һαƵ˶аˣȴ㡪ҵĶӡ
ԭ㻹ǵӡȻȴ޳˵
һȴδԣת˵Īׯˣ
ɫδģָȴԽ
Ѿ֮УͷҲδ̧˵˵ϵûκιϵֻ˵˶٣ĪӰˡ
ϵģȴɵһһӰδƣǸϢҲζţֻӰδץĪǡ
ֻǣΪʲôҪ˵Щô
һֱڰɫʱͻȻӰ׷ۡ
һ
ǡһ񣬱Ҫȥ
ȵȣҲ˲ȥоĿģֹ
ֹסţΪ䱤İյֹ䱤ƵȻ֪˶ϵҪԡ͵ȥȴ˪ʱ֪⣬ֻӲͷƤϵ˼ʮҲ͸µࡣ
ɲת˼תͷƽ˵˵Ŀİɡ
ͷش˼飬֪
ƺ͸ӵ񿴵ûоԭ˹صĵطƺӻʹЩȻŤŤӣȴͻʹŪһ
㡢Ҫҧ
ӻ֣˻⣬΢һȥ
ûֹͷŵϣҲ֪Щʲô
˺źߵǰƬ̣֣ʳָ°͡
ϷҸŮŭȴƽ޷ĺ档
Ҫ㣬ͳ԰ˣҵĳ
㡪ĻŪһǿҵ裬ʲô˼
ǣһЦȴ纮ֱջţҵĳұ㲻׷ɱǱ˶ӣҲ˺úźĪׯˣΣ
ǰδеıɡܡ
ŶϷʵһΪжҪأȴԭ
˵ҪôشӦӦ
ΣͻȻǳ˯ˡ˵Ҳشֱ㽫ȥ
УӲңź󴲺󣬸̲סһԭʹĵطƺʹˡ
£Ƶ
ĬȻٴıֺ֣һʱһʱȣ⡣
ҲĳĬŵϣԼҲԱߣֺȻػסУ͸ȥȴҲѲȻȴûнһĶһᣬȻȵĺ˯
ӲԷ̽Եض˶ȴԵһ͸̲ˣֽӲ˺һֱĺٴξȣ̾˿塣һҹ񣬽ϴһ죬ѽƣֻǣΪʲôôϢѵҲΪˣʶʡһᣬģģ˯˹ȥ
ʱ˯ŵȴ۾ճյؿ˯ݣĻһ֮ӡ
˯һҲ˯ˣһھ˼ʱӡ۾ֻţʱһ㣬ᣬһΪ˰㣬ġ
̲סָۡ͡üǣЩȴĸף˭
˫ʱô𺳵ظовŵԼһ°꣬ԼľɣǸССӤʱֻһۣ㷢ڲͬԲŻӰߵߣȴֲ´κָΪʱԼûָоʲôҲӰȥʲôֻšϧһ֮û뵽˿볿ദʮͷ
Ӱǰʱ֪ηӦֻ֪Ҫҵɽ䱤չߣ궼ûϢûбֹȴԽԽüįԲŻȥݣֻΪӰϢʮ꣬ҽ߳
ٴμϲ϶ַļ¶ֻǳ̫벻ɶѡԽԽ֤֤ǣοһûָоȫġĪǳȫˣϾпˣ𣿱ϾʱֻǸӤν°꣬ĿǴ
ȴû뵽ȫ۷Цϵˣ벻СֻǣΪʲôҪֺյķŵ˰ɣֻѵĪ˵λ뵽ĵļ尾͸ǸŮˣòϣҪڳԴס
󻹲䵽ҵУǣ΢΢һЦЦϢֻȴ͡ǰȫָ㿪ʼ֡òϳǿĲð꣬ɻĪ顣䱤δĪӰȫ֮УҪԸ練ƣֻܴ澳ӳҲϡ
Щ׵ӡһǣĴ꣬һ̲סѹԼͷҲϸݣӶš
𣬺Ҫࡣ
ŤۿҪʱɿıüֳ˯ȥ
˯Գû뵽һκԼĶ˯Ȼôʱ򣬶Ҳǵ塣ҹˣúϢ°ɡ
Ķһǣӵס˯

45


޴԰һС¥嶼԰ľƣض¡峿ʱָɾ⴩Ҷ˶¥ڡ
һʮ߰꣬Űɫɴ£ڴͭǰòɫĮĵ΢͸¶ż˿ķ顣
һʮΪƣϣȴȲӨףһϴ˿ǰδеרעһֻͷڴһֻϸϸī飬Ϊ鲻Ϊͷڴı
ؿžȻͭˮȴӡǾաδ䱤Ȼһ棬ֻǣ֪м˸뵽Ȼӹһ˿֪סһ
ˡΪһֻ񷢿ۣ˵͸һ˿ᡣ
Եؿһۣ֮ǰľûп˵ɲϴԼΪ˷ô飬˭֪᲻
е˼˵һǣס֣ߡ
ûκǣţȥ
һֱ˹ɾͺˡͻȻ˵һϵı飬޷˿е뷨
ӵؿͷԼͬķۣƬ̷㹻㣬߿ԡ䣬پһʹ
ͻȻתϼŲ̵ĹãһֵҲһסߣӦֽŽһ٣ôǳһҽأֽҲԽӺãӦÿֽŲŶԣͻԹҲȥˡ
ס˸
ܵţЦˣֻЦδ۵һ˿һָͣȴе⣬Ķѣô㣿ֻҪԹͺáҲķӦתҵӣ˽ȥ
ǣ˽ȥȴתǧأ˴ƺΪȣǷ޳ѵҩδܴﵽԤڵЧʲô֢ҲԼӦ˳㣬Ҹʵʱ鿴һ¡
ſ¡
ͳ˼
ʲôĪؿһʱ̫˼
һСƿ˻ΣЦؿſȥҸҩ
ˣŤתͷŬάֵĮƽصѾûˡ ֻһ˿ΣȴĻһ˵ҲûС
ǴӦ֪伲ҽĵʡѹסеЦ⣬ƽ˵
Թ޵ؿһۣе˼Զ㺦ġʵʵſ˴ϣǸطһֱڻʹȻΣǻǹԹҩĺãԼҲܵ
ĵ׿㣬۵ļλۣСѨͬʱҲ¶˳ǰҹʹùȣʱ׵һᣬ̲סһ£ĶȴôȻ
סһЩɳƵصͺȵʲôҪҩҩȻԼɡ
һҲСƿɨһеҩԥóӵһԣʳָڴƿһĺѨϡ
ĴһоָھϴȦԭʹŵĵطʱʲ٣ɵӡ
ȻʱȴͻȻָ̽ڡ
Ѩһнͷŭʵʲô
һ޹˵ҲҪҩǱҪിжി棬һЦ˵ϣЩʲô
һͣ޺޵صˣʱȴһľٶȴ֪ѵõıжˡ
ٴ𻰣Ϊҩ֪˶Խ˻ΪǣٵڲҲͿҩϵ׿㷽˿
Ȼȴ֪ͣһҩתŭ
ŭŵƿϴϵо֡
ľȻؾ
˫֣һۣͻȻ
ӰһһɫĶŶ롣
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װôĬĬΪϣȴҲӦԼ弸ֻèǻ¡
ϵ´һŰ¸Է׿ԽΪȴһֱƫú£
˵ࡣ
΢΢һЦʵ
Ц֮ͬǰȴǷĵ׵ЦݣѣĿ֮һֱƺҲһЦлˡ
ҰѰɡͻȻ˵
һ㶣ΪΣ
Ƕʱ˵ʵ
֪˵ǶʱָԼʧصЩӣ۽۾ΪΪΣв
Σյ壬һʱ޷
ҧҶĸ飬㾹û֪ô
еģﰵһֱʾʾҵȻ֪Щ
ΪΣţ˻ƣһδΣһδεؼ̤ҵģüԣ¶ȫˣΪһ˺ȴ޹ӣ
ҡЩ޴룬˵ĸ飬֪ȴûʵУǿӾһеٿ޵ȥҲ˼ҵ£Ѻθɣ
ЦԳǸûĵˣҾȻᰮϣ״¶飬顣
޷ɤ񱻶סһܲȴ֪Ϊʲôȱһ飬ץҪҸʲôȥܲܽΪ˵֪ʹ
ܿϲӦĴԹ޵ؿǰһˣЦΪʹķΣֻԹۣĸôֵۣһôԩ˼ҳҲֻܰϰһû㿴ѣɹֲ
ҲԹҲãǺҲãһӣ㶼ӿñҵĵߣҲ⶯ֶֽš
㡪δ˿̰ܵǿҵĸ飬ɵ˵αأ֮ˣαΪҶ飿α˾
αأЦطʣֻЦȴŲ̣Ժһ֪αءġ
Զԡ
µС¥УɰӣĬĬԶԣһ֣һȴ¶ 

46



شǰ֮ˣһƽ޲ʱҲ⾪ͷ񰡣ԭƺɣȻǰӣ
ˣ˵Ķӣ֮ǰȻҵϷ֪³Ӧôģȴһ仰һֻû뵽ټʱı仯Ȼ֮
һеݣǰǡôҿ˹ҶüӣС죬֬죬ü죬ͤͤ˫Ŀ飬ʱؿ
һ˳ǰǸֻһ򲻰£Ȼ۹⿴ò̫Ҳû˵ʲô
л֮ǰľ֮һ˵
ֻһһȴ˾ù졣
Ӳ⡣׵
˴һЦ֮ܲ⣬вǲĳǡ
һΪ䱤֮ӣ˳ŵôҲ룬οֻ䣬ˣɺϻ⣿˵ΪΣ
ӿˡֻһ䣬ûκαʾ
ɹȻһЦҲûٽƣӶԸڱز죬һ͹԰ӣ
룬صͷӦʡ
˵ǵõĶͰ㣬شĴһ·϶Ը־ɫָۣһҲǰǸݰ
ǡˮ硯һ԰ӣⱱ֮أ⽭Ϸ羰ɷҲѪ˵ţһЦǰҾͰ֣죬ôЩϵر⣬ӼЦˡ
һͣЦˣ˵Ӻ˼󣬿ˡˮ硱
ӭһƬ꣬ʪĿȵ˾񲻽Ϊ֮һ
ˮɣߴˮζƽˮ棬ˮ˷˿
źߵСһ·ǰȥβ֪Ļ°һʪӡ
СУԶ
罭ˮ㡣һ򲻶໰Ҳס̲סп
СϵˮעǰıУһ÷㴫˳΢΢һЦӿᰮ÷ݲ裬÷ΪͷʱԸѾͷժ˴ģƷƷ
һۣʰһһڷ£ƺϵһнһ㡣
һ㶣ЦӦҪ飬ûģҪ˻Ҳûеòġ
бһۣûгԣϾѾõ֤ٷҲֻǣͷһڲ裬а룬ЩΪΣ
˰һɫҽǰɫĶˮңĳҩɻҲɽ⣬ȴΪκް취
Ŀźϴ˷Ĳƶﵭشɻꡣ
Ȼ˽ӿڵҩ衢㡢ɻ꣬˭˲֪˭˲
ɻҩУʵԲʮǿҩأΪ֣˻ǣǾηȻҩҪ໰Щֻؽ˵ڻ裬붾ҩƣֻҪ˻һܽ˾Ȼ˱Ϊ衣˵һ£һۺת棬㣬ȴ֪Ǻƣֻʮǰһֱס˵ʱִеˣڹɢȫ
¶һЦٻʧɫʱΪıʱҲΪƣԲűΪ㣬ҩѲ⣬ʮǰҩ־Ϊֻ¹ȥ˲ŵԻָʮ䣬˳ƻ⿪ȴ֮ҩ޷
ûתͷȻ֪ΪλΪƣж糣Ƕ飬µҩ󡣡
΢΢һЦӼȻ֪ǰˣض֪˽ʿ˶ȴ֪һҩɽ㡣
ӿ֪ԼʲôعͷˣĮ˫һķ⡣
һЦȴӲΪ˺ˣǹӡӵĽУԵˡ
ػصء
˵Ҳľܾһ䣬Ц۷俴˶̲סӺαضԼһ٣ͻȻɫһ䣬סĿڣȻ˵Ӷҵľ֮ǸҲǣȴΪβţ
治ɫĮؿݡ
ûȤ˼ˣɥصӲϿеˡ
ֱ˵˵
˲㱻ҭһ۵һۣһҩǶҩĿǣֻǹֻһ
ร۽Ƕ˶һˣ
Ȼڡ˵ͷй
һۣ˵к壿
뿪̧ͷȥƵĵҴӵҪ
Ҫû©е˸ʵ
һϣ͵
ɨһۣȻ˵ء
Ϊʲô˼վʵ
ȻС۱һͻȻҵػζ㹦ɢ䲻ԴȴҲ࣬ʱһΣʱӲȣȻһͷȥ
˼˾һҪȥȴǲȴǰ׹һ
ΪҪϴˮˣȴһѱ˾𣬾̧ۿȥ
§һƬҶϣ˪ؿɫҰ׵ˡһӣ˶پؿػһѪ˳Ѹںлɢ
ؿʵ˭ӽģ
ɫ԰ףʱ£ֻ԰ӣĴһһʱ죬ܾˣ𷣡
кһԺû׼ýӽʮڡ
ɫһ䣬µסе˼ػصǡ
ȵ
һͶȥ岻һۺȥ
ſʵܾ
̺ĸĵһæ񣬵Į˵޷
һԺԶһ㡣
ԿеĲ졣
§סֱսҵıǡ
ͷû׷ʣֻеɻȴԽԽء

47


䱤ѴĽ񽭺еʥأһչʾׯĮʱźδκӡ
ǰΰĽ˼ǧ̶̼գػвšһΪѾȴûû
ӭٱڴ࣬ӭδرˡ
ʱƺػأͬĴǰһһ񣬽䱤ڣЩʵŤŤӣ˲ýһͬߴ§ǰǹʲôٱӦͽͯŶԣΪʲôҪһٱͷΣѵ֪ڵĴ˵ֻǷ𣿻ֻٱ
ֱ۽˽ĲػЩްߣ̰ͷ䱤
䱤֮ӰǰȻ֮ǳȻ˼ðʧΪѰĶӣǳѾѰٵǳر֮ǰյϢĶߣ֪١ʱ֮ǰЯгͬν׼һ˵ơ

ȥǰֻһۣȥӣЩӲʵ
Īãĸӱһ§ڻϣǰ˰죬ֻΪ˵ĮⲻΪ˳ٶ۵ûܸ߳ˡ
ǡ˵꣬˦˦һֻ֣ɶһʱ٣¶ؿڴƬѩ׵ļ˵Ҳ֡
һ֮£뵽ҹѧ˵ĶסǶ죬ʱÿڸ̲꣬סﰵȻ£ƫͷȥ
˿Ծջĳɬˣ鷿ص󣬱һǣˣһ־ſҹ飬˵խͨŲ֪ĵط
ǰĵ·ƺ̣˰ʱͣµ˼ȫޣѸеЩ֧ס˿

Ȼͣ£סӣЩƣѾˣǰ˻ͻȻͣײˡҪȴû뵽ͻȻڿգɵؾҪ
û뵽ķӦˣɰǲɵ䣬Ҳش𣬾Աǰȥ
ٶƣȻǹ
ʯ˼һ˶ǰʯڱһ߻˿͸ʯ˽ҹ飬̤˳
ճоϣ̲ס˸ս
ˣ޲ýൽȥҿǲܣû̡ ˵ű㶯תʱȥϵĺ⡣
´Աһɽȣֻȴʮ쳣ʢ֮ʱ˵ȴźһ㣬ҲƮѩϾȻǻѩ
ǣ̧ͷȥЩɵʵ
ƺãһֱţԵͷ֪ˡԵдԵĳ룬Ū
ߣһŤͷȥҲܿǳȵ
Ǹ䣬Ҳ̤ѩǰС
һӣһȪӳС
ˮ̶
һ̩ɽǰҲɫէ֮Ҳ̲סһˮ̶ǹҽеʥƷüҽ϶ᵽЧЩҽҲֻǶŶδ׼ԾϸأֻᵽһλǼΪĴú̶ˮȺùӦǱˡ
˵ˮ̶ʶһ£ֻǵʱһҪﵽĪԸұĲѰٶŪˣû뵽ʱһ±Ǻδˡ
ˮ̶һˮʱʱ̵̿ɢźɽе澰ӦҲصǣδ̶һɵķΧҲǵˮƬѩҲޣֻв֪ŵһƬ覵Ķʯ
վ̶ߣͷݣкô̫ˡ ˵껹ǣ֤Լ˵ûûм⡣
һۣĵҲжʵת뵽׳壬ϲһ죬ʱഥĵط¶Ⱦˣæļһ£ʾԼ
ҲٵЦؽ̶ߡ
һرӣϸϸع۲ǰ̶ˮ
־һ̶ˮȻģЩȣֻǸ뿪̶вһ룬ˮѸٱʮֶʮȣȴֲ޴ķ˸ոΪǹ֧ţѾˡ
оˣȥɡеˮЩЩ˵
Ϊ˼£վַŵҪ⿪뵽ʲôһ٣һûлرܵ˼㿪ڵתȥ
ٶ䣬ȥ§סߺѱҿ֪ٴˣߣ˵ŲӦѸٰϵ·ӽ̶У
֮ûˮУʱǺһ̶ˮﰵһչֽˮ渡ȥһˮ棬㱻ӵһȵĻ˿Ĵ̲ס̾
ʲô£ˮ˳ŭȵ
⣬ѩ׽ʵļ¶ˮϣ顣ؿ̺޾ȴ޷²ʲô
ЩмܲסձŭҲɵ˴룬΢ͷܿĿ⡣
Ƚʵ㡣ͻȻ˵ͳԣ£ƴħӼ
㡪̧ͷګګؿһʱ֪˵Щʲô
仯Ī֮ףʮƽȴž޴Σա
һиӣ̱ƾԶһ㡣Ȼַŵǰ㱻һץסŤһͦײǰ
Ҫ㡣˵ԣȲһںסʴεĺ촽
ţô
īˮϻƬˮ˵ʪˮоɫ½ˮð͸ѩ׵ļ֣īˮѩ׵ļֵַ̺죬Ϊɿ顣
ͷԵһڣսڲͣҶ˫֣һ㽫»ΪƬ׵Ĵ̾漴һ̧ſĺ촽סǰ̡
һ̲ס
ĺУɿţҲţĴ
Ҳͣҧǵͻִľż׵һ·£ۻļѣͻȻֻβ׵λãؿڣסһ졣 
ҪͣŤţµӼΪУһڶʱ˵ȣʶʼ䣬ֻ֪ƾܵؿܡ
ܾҡſѱŰú׵̣۵ĵļƵ;һۣԲŰһͻ
ȵĺڶߣеһβ׵һֱɢȫϣ϶ص㡪𡪡
ţ˳˼ţȴһ̲ͣ˱鶯ĲӣȴһץסΣš
ؾУ̲סǰһ̧ͦͷļͦ˶ɵ̾Ϣ
ܵ鶯ΪȸԾַ˰ֵΣ̽벻ѵСѨ̶ˮ󻬣ʳָûʲôִ׵ؽ롣
е֣̲סٶһǰ滥ĦĿ˼һ̵ֹͣʱѷſ˫֣ԼȻļ硣
ٴεͺȴ֪ΪѼӵֵָΪԼûоܾ󻶣ڲͣӭϡ
ûôֶ࣬ͣȴһץס˵ͣĥ
ȡǿҵĿ֪룬ֻ֪ƾʶɶ
еѾ㹻ָץס޳˫ȣһֿͲķȲؼ˽ȥ
ͬʱ̾
ͣһ£΢Ӧһ£̲ס
ʱһ˲ĽӲĳһ㱻زʱסһƲסͺ
𣿡ܵ˹㣬һ㷢س̡
ҪҲƲסԼ§סĲӣɹǵ
Եغҡ
ҵػζͷˮβͣɢ£ķ˿̶ҡҷ˼صͽţá
ƴسš
žɽУֻĽ


48


ҡ뵽켤֮˵ĻʶڰУãһīӦĺ٣ֽϣ˿дһĶϡ
ﰵ̾һëʣֽһţؿƽֽ壬һʱ֪еĸо
չĵڶᷢĮѾ˲ŲʵĵزƽҲܷлɳˡַַ˯Ҳ֪ǳʲô˼ҲͬˣȻѹ˰£ȴԾյ£Ҳط仯ϲԼȴ޿κΣѵǸǱڵGayԲŻһԣºᣡ
ƣ类èץܣģȴܲڵϡʱ佹겻ܰһĵĮ綪֪Ķȥˡ
硣һ˿˼
սеֽţſ국ؿһۣ£
쵽Ҵ磬ȴڸ˸֪һˣӦھҩ󣬹һȻˡ˵ű˽
ǰЯӻرֺӾȻ࣬ƽƣЦô󷽵壬Ӯ䱤˵ĺֻܹһЩˣò̫ܣȴҲûж룬ϾЩүҪôЩˣҵģܺЩȻǺã׶ЩҲûа취ֻʱۣСģ˴ȥˡ
үʱϴ񣬲һ˲ţ˲ǰǰƣûϽ⼸ڱڵЩʸѧϰ񣬵ټĶŵ̬ͶĵһӲ󻤷չҲ޴ʡ
ֻǣѲҲǸĬȱȫе죬Լк£
ûд𻰣ԹԵؽϵļҽһһŻؼϣӭ˵˼Ѿֵúˡ
ֻ첻Ϊ⣬˼΢΢һЦ磬㲻һˡӻҲȤֽ˵ӣãһءҽΨһİñǿҽ飬رЩϵĹ±ߵ鰸ǰ˶٣ֵӣҲ㣬ĮȴֵأʧʱϿοһ¡
ȻûгǰĴ£ûιҲбҪΣҪ룬θɣ
ۿȥȴɫҲδһ£˵˵䱤ʱҲһ㣬סھأ׶ǿء˵תķ˼һ٣ͻȻʵ֪˵Ǻˣ
šһ˿ַ˻ȥӦһûˡ
첻ЩΣӣһ˵Իǰʱ򣬾һϤУʱڻɣֻ⼸佻̸Ѿ϶λǾһҽӣҲֻһˡ
򣬡ɴֱЩ˵û뵽㾹ȻҴ硣ûлʵԣõֻ֤ǣΪ֮ǰҪΪѵΪǸðʲôıŻһʧ֮ãֱڲŻر
ؿһۣ˵ǡ
Įȴ˵飬ܿ侲Ϊ˼һ£Ҳò̫ܣֵĻʲôܱƵҪݣҪʧ٣ҪʣĮȴôҲ˿ڣ̾˿Ȼæţұ㲻ˡ
ػ˻ֳ֣һҽǰж
ٿһۣ漴תȥĽѪԵǣѾ㹻ˡ
ҹͷ
ڴϣһֳŶͷһȻطǰ΢ס۵׵˼ҹºԲ¹ϣԼĹ㣬ʥ̲סĤݡ
ؿ¾·뷲ˡ
еӰͶϣһ̧ͷ˲䣬ϤӰײУʱӿ
㡪ګګؿڣȴ֪˵ʲô㻹û˯ʲôôǷϻ
ֱֱؿбĪ⣬˺ĬԶԣֵնʱ֮ӿ
ãǰߣգͨˣͳħתĶУһɵͷܵš
һֻñĵط΢΢顣ã˶ʲô
Щӣֵͨռ˰£Щʱռ˼죬õҪĴ
һͷָܹҲ˼ڴӵĳ嶯
һʳָ°ͣӱܣ
Ȼ̧ͷϵǣ
͵һЦڿҵ˼ˣ
һͣͷȥǰƺƣĳһҲ
סԼ۾ƻ˵㰮ˡ
Ʊһ㣬͵͵ظ𣿰
һ촽ӡȥ
ż䣬ͻȻѣһƿ޷ȵȥڴϡ
һתѹϣǼഥԵռĺ
Ƶƿ񣬾Ȼһ̬ؽ֮ûз֮¼ѹƲסӦȴֲ̫Ūòסͣƾܵ˫֣ѹͷ˫Ҳסߵֻš
Щغ
ʱ侲Ƭ̣ؿڣⲻҪѾˣôɡ
㡪һ˿ΪҪ㣿
ֻ侲ؿûг
ãͻȻЦ类סȫڻ¹ѣĿ޷ֱӣȴƲۡЦһؿڵ𶯴ϣȫ㲻Щʲô
ͣסЦؿˡ
ҭס˼ңôʧƽƽĮôԶ׼飬õǿ˵
Ĵ㶣ɿѹס˫֣ؿλãˣ㡪ʼˡ仰û˵ֻǶһЦȥջ񣬲ϲ
ؿıӰĪԡ

49



ߵҩ⣬ԥһ£ûнȥתĺķȥһ·ɫƽȴڲֹҹвͣĻطţԻȥȥ˼ܾһɣԼٲȻȻȥ˼ȴҹ£ĸҡ
Ҳ䱤˱ˮ̶Ӱ죬꺮䣬ҲȪ֮ˮɵĺˮµġһˮϣȵĺˮԻеķơ
˦ȥϵˮ飬ƽ˵
ӹȻôģȫʧҲ׵طּˡЦ绨һɽ˳
תĮؿûǴ㲻ÿʮڡ
ɿһ˲ĽӲָֻܿˣΪӣ̹Ҳˡ 
۽΢ءรһ
֪ţӻͳһڲŵĶݸӵҽģһ֪İæ
ӹһۣ򿪵˲䣬΢ؽٰãʵӰˣ
˹һЦ׵ݺҫۣĪΪĸ̣ȦףǾȳˣȴءԿһۣоԹӾ֮ĸм֮飬ȡΣ㽫ңиǰӪȹӡ
ƽʵӰΣ
ӿԷģĪӲ޴󰭣ֻúõǡ˴
ؿΣξң
ɫЩε˵˱Ǵýҩʧȥֻϴƺҵ뷨֮󣬸ƺҲбѵʾҷϣԵ֡͵ۿһɫһĮ˵ÿʮţҲ֮䱤֮泤֮ذݼʱ䱤߶תұ˴˻Ὣ͵˳ȥϸµ㲢أڱؽ⣬ʱֻһ£ҩԹȥǡ
ؿãԡתȥ
ʮţ׼ھеȴ£ʱһȥӳ˿ıӰ̺޾Ļ档
ʮţ䱤˵һ£ÿĽһ֮ǰ泤֮ذݼ
ι㣬̨ôôԾȥˣɾȡ
ǣܹܡʵʵһȻȥĨӡ
ܹ䱤ˣ˵ء⼸ϲæǰæСų󣬼һԵ޹ʵͻȻʧ˲ʱ䣬㼱ͷƫƫȴް취
Ǹݴ֮λʱȻþÿȥʱõĶûϢʱȻҲĪκΣϾ˼ССÿҪôѾܸɵˣûҪȥ
֮಻ЩźôøӣǱĶӸöôáڱĶӴ˻Ȼ֪ǲôܸɣҶ뱤ͬͬЩֹһǺӵĳӱ֪Ǳ׶ӣҲ̩ɽǰɫѾ㹻ˡ
̩ɽǰɫǡĵĽۣߺߣһ֪ģҪ֪˵Ƣûκ˸ǵģһҲֻʱ޹ؽҪģλٱȻҾܾס챤ı飬ܹܶΪһѺû뵽Сڻ治ɫ˵һ֣䡣Ȼûеóѣһ䡰衣㽫Ļ˻ȥǷݸھܾѾڳļѡ亹ˣֻûûεĳ󻤷еǷԷ
ãȻиɾδ£ȻǸˣֵòǰݼǰϲ¡
㣬㣬㣬أʲô䱤ļƷôô͵εģ㿴ɫԲԣ˭ģָܹһͲ˵ĵطɫ˵˺
⣬⡪ΨΨŵŵصܷԸСġ
øȰԣôѵܹܹĴ۾ȵͻȥ֮ǰ²ãȻСԴ
һæǣСȥ˵ŵײײ˳ȥ
ܹһȥұ˵鷳ȥˡ
һüû䱤ЩֵܹܵĴëöԳ˼
ʮ죬ʹһصҲ˸磬îʱϴϣķĶͷ˵Ȼ˷ַ˯ÿһ׿ôܾҲûɿڵġʩʩȻ˾
ǰŸߣ۾΢΢գ£Ȼסе˼ãʰһ㾲ǰͭпѳף֪Щʲô
˶㿪󣬴⿴ľ⸱һʱá
ˣ
عһʱ֪Ǻζ˶񣬵ѽˡߣǻᡣ
תͷһۣ߰ɡ
ɫЩص˵Ӹתȥ
첽ϣûסѮκ
˴̽õ·ߣһ·ɫҴңȻδһ䱤ʿǲҷɾ裬СĶٵţһʱڳ䱤׼õ
˴˿ϸĻܷǵһ˿Ц⡣
ҲЩʱŷǸöʱ߳һ·ôƣ
ȴͬʱˣΪλ׵룿ѵȻȫע˰ݼ棿
ӳڿԽԽԶ䱤ٸнѳε⣬ȴĻһݲ֪ĳأһʱЩζ
ȥݣʱĪӻˡ˿Ĳ棬͸޷ݵĸ飬֮ǰͬ
еĲƬ̣˵һֱ֣Ϊĵذң
һЦ˵ӵľ֮˸ǡ
βã𣿡ƽ·ʣֻ˵˵ѡ
ٶȶ¶һЦȻ˴ʱӻҪ𣿡ζϿҵģֻݰɭɭģƽһݹС
һۣ˵
Ҳһ̬سĬˡ
СĳֻǳĺԼʻ


50

ͣһׯ԰棬³תͷǵˡ
һ绨ݣɵ³
˵Ťͷһȥ
ҲͻȻ䵭̬ȣ߽ǵš
һӰǶƺǽһ
򣬺þòӰ˵ת˹
۽΢΢鶯Ƭ̣ȷܾòǳŭòԼô׵ˣ
ǰ½졣
ɲ롣˵ţ۾ֱֱһԵˡ
һۣĳ룬Ϊĵذңһף˷ҵϸˡ
ʲôϡĪʵֻ۾ԵʣҲһĪ򡱵ӡ
һ㶣޲۵׾ȻЦ⡣⡰ϡôԽˣ붶
ؿһۣö
ɿ佱˵
ߣһ񶾵˵ǸЩ£֪ˣиġ佱
תͷˣҵЩ棬ʲô¾Ȼҡ
ԣжʱ޾ĺ⣬ƽҧгݵ˵Ҳ֮Ȼҵʮ䱤ĶˣֶֺζԸң⣿
Թֶβ˵ǡ˵̫ȶ۲Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲ˵ĵϸ룬Ϊ˵ò̫һֱоЩŤҲûϸȥоһ˵ƽĶ̬δ̫Щѵ˵
һ룬۾㲻ﵽ˵֮䡣
˱һϸΪŤֻػصš֪ˣ֪ˡһʱҲ˵ܻ߳Ƿŭѿֻǵۿſݵס
ɫ֪Լ¶ˣ̲ס̾£ĺۡ
˱еŭˣͻȻһƱȥȫûпǵ˿̺ܲסһơһĳʱͺˣ˵ץĿģڿ۵ĵĮʱһĨʹѹ֪ˣȻƴջһƣҲӲĽ֡
ʯ䣬һֱԱ߿Ϸһ̿ͬʱջһѪԽվ֮ĵשˡ
쿴Σʲôһ
ȫסˣһʶѣõ
ؿڣЩǱףΪʲô֪һƾջҲҪȴƴ˻
ӱúͰɡ˵꣬ٲһۣͦͦ˳ȥ
ؿһ۱˦ϵţת֪кָ̣
ſһЦǰߴͽ̣һĥļ䣬ôܲرأ
ĬĬؿĮ÷·˵ĲԼ
һգ侲ޱȰ첻Ϊ죬ԹԵ˵һֱʮ㣬½һ֮֮ϵĻ㣬˵Ҳգʵʱǳһ˵ÿӣ¶Ļ񣬻ݿݣĮ
ĳΣƺûʲôϵǻһۣ˵
ûУһЦ̿ʱ򣬱ˡ
ëٲ£Ȼ˵Цˡ
̲ϲ˵Ц˵תתһȦס°ͣ׻źÿ
һµܸһɲʳ˼̻ĸоĮǸ߸ϵֻۿ˼̬±Ǩ
ؿһۣһѳգĳʲŮ
ˣĶӣջؿе֣ôܲȤζؿõصҵ뿴ǸΪʲô̶ȣǲǺͱһڴ
ؿƬ̣Σ
һЦʱ֪ˡ
ĬԶԡ
ֻǣһ£ףͦ˼
һۣĳ²ýġ
ΪһֱԳ֪㱾ǳĸ׽Īׯʱ򣬸ΪĪǳˣƺûһϵο˶֪ǳ
΢䵭˵ĳ£ý̲ġ
һЦĸסӣҲˣ
ؿ˺ǡĮɱ⣬ȻѪҲľ
Щˣ㴦ƣҲܿȻԿĻԼ
ЦǲҽСڵ̫ˣģģӳȥˣֻĪӰڴʧСһ¡
˵òᡣ
˿ͬʱֵСң˵ƻʱҸ֮Աǣ֤ǰ治Ҷ֣Ὣ͵ϣҷǿӦ㣬ôô򵥵ĵ
ֻǵһۣûлش
䱤
չı棬δһ
չ㱨ϣһᣬûκηӦֻóѯʡ
ؿһۣ˵ߵģ
չһۿ亹ɲӣǣٱδԼƵģΪ˲
֣˼Ƭ̷Σ
رչ񣬵ٱݳڵһׯ԰ڣݲ飬ħ˳롣
ħ̣
ǣǰ԰лһλҩˣεġչʵر
֧°ͣʹ֪Щʲô
ãչĶУȥ
չһ㶣͵۴һλȴ̬δ䣬ԥһ£һ¡ǣԽԽױˣǰ˺ôңò书ˣ㿪ʼش̽ϢΪҪѰڿѰˡֻǣӣûϵ䱤󻤷̾˿ˣҲܲ飬ֻҪľͺãϾȽζѪԵףԼ⣬ֻһˣʲôģ
һ˾ãƺһ̾
뿪һʱ䣬ú˼һ¶ҵĸ飬ֻǣҪҵ̫á


51



ڰ½̵ׯ͡һ㣬ƽɽˮֻϵر̸Ȼ˵öֻ࣬ǵšĴ俴԰ھɫת۱ȥա
δˣ֪æЩʲô׽Ǳ෴ޱȣԼôϢһߣ϶ỳɵ˵ͷϣ˲ӦҲһ㣬ǲٻ䱤ˣļһﻹ֪˼ǵжˡôʲô취أȻɫҲ˼ôϵɣ
뵽ЩЩŻŵģƽ侲ȫʧˣ״̬Щȴزȥϡ
ԿӣԸƺųУĶ飬ҲǴͷʽͣһ޷ͣ㡣ⲻ˵ӱܣѾӡеһֱˡ 
ӣ롫ò衣һʮսս˼
źƺһǰһ˶ЩƽЩϵĲɲΪ˵ĮЩѵ鵹ҲƽϣֵʱײЩȫȱУʱҵ԰Ľԭɡ
Щף˵ûҪʾõģô˵Ҳֻһ°ѡοȻųɱˣȴҲϲҪ
˿Ǹιȥ꣬̾һ˵°ɡ
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ؿһۣûˣȥɡ
ǣūŸˡ˿ӣػһȥ
ȥǰǱ衣˿ҿӣһ˲俴Ϣһɢһڲˮͬʱؿ⣬֪Щʲô
ݵݣƶ˲㣬ʥ˼Ҫعݡ
˦˦ͷȥ˲ڵ뷨ǰհƵǰһſ¶ʵı飬ãȤһɽ
ԷеĲ豭б۽һۣٶȿ⣬ƺС
аһЦֵ֧İϣ¸Ϊ򣬱һʱ䡣
̧ͷһۣµص㡣
Ҳ⣬Ǳɡ˵űȥ
岻ɨһۣҲ˳ȥ
µıȷǳǳεĺӡʧȥΪһ㣬Ųɽ±Ѻ䤱ϢҲЩȡﰵ̾һȻƽʱ̫ˣ˶
Ҫæ򡣡վϷõõѯʵȴèϷϷʡ
ͣǰĽţҲδһۣʩʩȻߵһʯͷ£˵ãĳϢƬ̼ɣͼܽȺǡ
ſһЦЦֱе׷չᣬڲ֪ϹȻǲҽɣҲѹǸΪˡˡϹ򡱼֣Щ񶾡
˷֦ЩҵīصĳţȲϽ
㱻ס޺޵صʮ㣬ϢˣǱ߰ɣȻҲɽ
˿ڶߵ̫ѿۿɽĬĬվ
㡪Ը췴ˣһ£ͻȻתӶȥ
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һʱɽľɫͻ䣬ƽɽ󣬾ȻǱ֮ĹȵɽҲ˼ȻɽɽȵҲ֪ôγɵģɽ85ȣݲǱɵһһȵ˿ͷϵ̫˽ȥ
׵ӣ߳ȵǰȻʡ
ر߱ķۿһۿȥΧɽֻ·ǲɵͨءҲ֮ǰľɫ࣬ͨľȴûпطҰ
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£ƺΪ˵ɽ˵֮أϿձʩ˷޷ƽ䣬һ䴳룬Ʊڶгǵ͹ȡ˵ʾ⡣
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֮أ±ӣ˵õط
ҲΪ΢΢ЦЦȴЦҲޡ
Ȼܣɽˮ˶ܼġ
Цһ󣬵뷨ôرϲܿЩͨģҲֻǻʳеĻʵ϶ˡ
һۣÿɷȴʮһͿ˶ȥˡ
쿴ĮɫҲȤЦ
Ҳ⣬ԹԵƣԵ㶫ѵ壬Ҳ
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˼ЩӲΣڵ㣬ʲôԹΪ˶෽̽Ժͷ
ɫת䣬ãֱΪҲῪڵʱͻȻ˵˵Ӧҵܵܡؿһֵۣ㣬ֶˡ


52



һ㶣벻Ȼ
ԾסʵЦֻЦȴЩɬ񣿡
ͷʾȷ
ûƣԸҲȻͬȷʵֵܡ
ü⣬˵ĸ׷绪ʯȹµĲ֪ǰ׳ϵҲһ
ʱѾµ˵ǰ½̵ŷԡ
ףŷҽǰΪ˴ļƣոǿҰĲСһۣϧȴȣΪơΪңȴްģŪڹ֮䣬˭֪ȻơڿֱƸĸ֣û˿ʡ
ĬȻΨһģ鰮֮£ȻصĵӡӰС˵
˵½䱤𣬵ӽƣȴ뷴Ϊ㵹ֻԼ½Ҳ˲ò伣ʮꡣ˵Ƭ̣ʵ֪ε֪ȵݵģ
һ˼Ȼŷԣʾ䣬ȴѿ϶ˡ
ͷŷ֮İŮˣô᲻ֻǣǧټƲɢȣȴҲˣûԤϵġ
ԣˣ
һ㶣أ÷Ƕҽ֮Ҳܲ鵽㵽ҪҶپȲܰݣ
дһ˵ǡɰˡ鵭Į˵
찵̾һû˵֮һʱ˾Ĭ
ãȿڵô˵ҲֵܣȴкγԹ
԰β䵽Զ֪ĵطңԶΪһӶᴥļ䡣
ͯǲҵģ½ΪΪʥŮ֮ӣȴûм̳еʸ˲ܽ˵ӡŷʧȥȺ󣬳׵طˡ½ǼﾭʷϴǷŷԵ˾ɱеĴȥʣǸ쳤ͷ˼ʮĻ飬ȴΪݣȻʮѹ˰½ԺŷԱҪֵģȴ䱤δ֣ǻĶʻŭйϡ
ʱ꣬ȴѶůиңԶ֣ŷȴʱ𣬸ĳˡˡ֮ͼĳƺŷԲ֪ǳʲô֮ȴƴѵδҪĲ֣ĳͷ½̵ѽ̣֮㲻֪ܹٴΡŷȻԴѣȴҲǵΪˣҪСȻﻹܻ죿
ʮķĥ챩Ű飬Ȼ㷢Ǽ£ԤıѾõǼ¡һ죬ʹ˶ʮ꣬ؼǵãҲǵһӡ
ʮ书ɣұҧԺ󣬾ȻҲһٶֵı¡ڵŰŷûκԣֻ޾Թ⡣һֱŷԣڰշŰ½̵ѽ½Уֻһŷԡֱһգҵᣬŷǲ̫ʱϵ̰µ쳤ԼսϸߵĽˣһɱŷԲΪһۣӲ̫ˣϵ书ȴƽʱ֡˰쳤ڵˣŷء
콫ƴŷԵؿѪܵسʱƺˣ૵˵˾䣺ˡ㲻Ŀȥ
ԣֻؿŷԵʬһۣһŷԶû顣ŷԵֻһʥŮɼʥŮڰ½еĵλжι̣ƾѪӲǽʱ귽ʮһʥŮˣν
ΪԹ֮⣬ҪԭΪͯͬһĸһİĶӣһȴӣȰĸƣô֮ᷢһ飿޲˱ˣȻֻܺȻܵĿӦ˭ȥ
ֻǣ죬ȻὫЩ͸
ߣһϵôкЩ飿
รһۣȴûٶ෢ۣһ£ʵҸǣ䱤ʲôӵģ
һ£Ȼҽһֱҵ䱤һ˵һط
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쿴һۣ˵ᰮҽѧȴ֪ˮ̶
һ㶣漴ȻУˮ̶ʥƷ
˵ûҽ֮ҵȴֹΪˡ
รһüʵҵ֪ˮ̶Ȼá
Цһֻ֪֪
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Ҳ⣬ʵ㿴ĹΣ
˵ҿʤ㲻ֹһ
Ц˵ʵȴ˰£ûҺҵĹ֮٣֪书ôģ
΢΢ҡͷʾ֪
Цˣϣȴʮ俵þ书룿
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һЦ״Գ˵֪㲻شƫҪ㡣ҡҡͷֵҽҴĽڻɽ֮±Ǳˮ̶Ȼδ̽޹
ȱӽƣߣʵ
ͷֻûϵԼȻ顣
Ը⣬˵̽ñˮ̶Σǿ
ߣ첻м˵ҪԸһˣֻڹʤ
ﳿбһۣû˵
ЦЦؿҲʹƷϵĹһϣʮ־ʡ
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һͣΪ˻ԼĶӣ漴Ц벻㵹ʮά
űڿһ٣漴Ȼ£죬Ȼң֪ĳԽʲôã
аŰһЦԼĶӣ㡣
ԵʹͷĽëס۾۵׵
쿪ΣͻȻһƣ̲סһǰӣǺ֣ȥ
һۣûгҲɢϵļƬСˡ
˳ӵӿȴĪߡһתʱ·ȥ
ظ棬ʱû뵽֮һˣԾ˵Ŀͷ

53


ҹ壬˽֪ĵط
һ·а⣺Ƥ½ּϤ·ߣҲǰ½еҪ˭أʱôҲû뵽˻ǹˡ
һʱ˷ͣҡѡƲƵšһƫüΪ򵥣ˣʱվǰ档
ˡ΢Щȣȴֻظ˴к
ˣϹٻ䲻Ҳʧ٣µ򵥣ȴ룬Ȼħˣֻǣ죬Լ˴Ϊʲô
Ϲٻ޺һЦǳα裬ҲĳһͿˡ
ء̵ػص
Ϲٻһ˲ĽӲָܿЦݣǳǷͬһأǽˣȴô־Цôô
һร
ߣϹٻһߵ̴ӵҴ̷ȥ
ǣһץһ֧ĸ첲š
ʹ΢΢üͷ
ʹɣϹٻˣ¶һ޺Цݣһ£ʹġ˵̴Ӻȵߡ
̷˸˱رĵطͨкܶ˵̾ߣ̵ּھϱŰһΣ֮Ҫ³ҪĶࡣ
̵ľ׮ϣؿǰֳ̱ޣЩŤŮˡ
Ϲٻƽɫ̼ˣһ˦ϣ˵ţĵӾ;öġ
Ӵֲ˵滹е̣һ˳һӡһͫҲЩȴûг
ҽԽǽе𾢣̵ԽǴ˷ܣǵĶġ
аôУϹٻǼ˦ϣûԸĲҽЩʵغ
ʹһЦôУЦһѪԳһ޵Ƶް㣬Ѫ
ϹٻЦһ̣϶ʱһӳϣ˵ţ˾ȻΪ㶯飡
һʹһ޺ȧӵ°ͣѪ˳ﰵֱ̾ˡ
Ϲٻڼţʮ꣬ʱ䲻ȥ񣬶ԷܰǼŮȴһۻعˣ˵޴һ˦ϣ㡪Թض޲һʲôûһ־ͶȫĿ⣡
𣿡ͺһʵ
žϹٻһ˦ϣһ㹴ĵˣȻǸطȥˣ˵ͻȻչһЦЦĵ̲סðһɺֻ۽дųķ˵ȻôϲñҲã㿴ô̵Ļ˵ͷƤ顣
ֻؿ˺۷ʹƽַֿơ
ϹٻΪ壬ȻβҶ÷عסŭգ䡰ߣһһܵģ˵˸Ҵһ˫Թɨɨȥ
ʹҲ֪Щʲô
Ƭ̷̣洫죬˱˽ڣͷһŵأٱڹס˿ò䣬ǵĻ¶ǲ֪ĺɫգɢ˶ĵζ
ϹٻһۣüͷѺ˽̴ʵˣ 
⡪΢΢ЩȻ˵˳ȥ˵ʱȾƺȶˣ˯һʱ䣬ʱʱѵץؤʵ͵ۿһɫһĵСţΪҵԽǰ࣬Խãץ˵߲סǱߴ
Ϲٻ˳ȴ䵭һ²ѵӣչһЦ֪ģдͣȥ
ǣǸԲϲɫ㻶ϲصһˡ
Ϲٻ˶ȥˣҲؤһҡȥʮָϻȥ˵ǳҿˣ֪ϲˣΪǿ׳ģ£Ǻú̺㡪˵ָ̺֣Ѫ˳°İϡ
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Ϲٻһߣؤ࿴һۣһһ
ڵпȻޱȣ˫˫Ŵ󿪵ر̼ϣȫ¶Ǳ޺ֻۣܴӼ϶￴ԭǰ£类ѪȾúںڵˡһͷ˿ɢҵס¶ǰȴһı޺ۣʾܵŰ
¸磬ҪСǸɶĽϰЩ˿һᣬЩԻ´ʵ
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Ļ۾̵ɵԲģϵ̫һԿһֻϺӡ
¸硪ӵ¸һۣ㲻ǰͷ¶һ֮²һˣǸﾹȻµ֣˺ۣǴ͵͵Ϸ԰һС˵ԾҲȲϡ
¸˸ˣһͷСӻͦǸʲô㣬ʲôϧ֪ɡ
ĵĵطɵЦһ£˵¸磬զǷ˺òã
¸һ㶣˵ҪǷǸô죿Ǵǲɣ˵ſӵùЩˣ
⡪һ˵Ҳ֪ô˵ãҪɰǾ̲ĵģһʱ֮С
¸翴ӣҲó̷жʱһƬž

54


Ϲٻ뿪Ժһֱʹͷ۾״˹ȥһ㣬ʵȴѵġ۵̾Ϲٻһ㵹ù̫˲˵ҵֻ
ſۣض˷Ը
ţӱ˹㿴㡪㡪㡪
¸Ͼ곤Щһ£ع˵ܴߣ
ɲü¡˺Ѫ˵⻰ʵûʲô˵ƫƫ⼸ִ˵Ȼһޱĸо
Ҳǰɰ¸ԥһ£Ҳǰȥæ
Ტѽ⣬ܿػɡʧѪ࣬ЩѣΣ΢΢̼ܣ˦һͷоЩӹָ֧䡣ڰʱЩʧѪĲ԰ףȻȴָⶼûһ˿ٴϼѨѪ˿ֹסˡ
Ӽ̲ס
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оظֱӣɨĿɿڴˣһ˦һںڵϸСӰӻնȥ鿴ɼüĺܲң
Ӽ˿šɵ˿ھͲȫˣѾȷ·ˡҭҭˮڰؿʵɣӣû𣿡
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¸ʱ˿ſŵ͵֣˵лд˵껹ݺݵص˵һۡ
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һԣڲ֪ĵطҲ֪Щʲô
Լյ裬̷ͻȻ򶷵̷ܿű㱻򿪣һײ˽
쿴վסŲ´һڼѪϻδϵ˿ʱͫһ£ҪǰסȴֱͦסԭأãЩȷʵ㣬û£
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ɨԱߵĵ¸磬˵Ҵߡ
ʱ⵽лˣһۿȥɵüؤҪʲô
ش˾ҡ
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΢΢ڿа˰ڣ˵¸һۣ˵ϡҲȥŲȣ˿ոձĥ
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١Űȣ˰ϣѽƣȴ޷˯šϹٻ˵ԸǶ񶾵ķʱĮҲһ˲Ļ˸ߣؽǲúǻʱȻʼδҲ˿ʧߵԭ
Ӣ۾ȡ
ڰУ۾һĪĹ⣬ãá
ڶգҽ߳ǲЧҩЧ죬ȴɵˣǱܲ˷纮ˣôϣһЩڴǰľ˵ݵһҽͷϡ
ˣδϢúãа֢֮޴󰭣Ϸ򿪸ӣշץҩһΣɺáҽϣԺһԵĴ˵
ҽˡӸϽī
ҽذڰ֣ǰˮдһŷӣշץҩǡ
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ͷæȥ
ͷЩ̣ͷҲЩӰ˶ϽµʪԺ˯ˡ
˲һʱУ˺ͷؿ
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쿴˺ܾã̲סָ˺Χţ۵Ĵ̲ס̫̾ˡָطգüۣǣһֱ촽룬һڡ
еϵĴУЩʵüſ۾Щ㯵ǰˡ
쿴ӤˮҲƲסԼһ㺬סѾõ촽ĺУлҪá
ͫ˲Ŵ󣬴оһĶǻ̲סһģȻƿǰˣſڴ߸Żֹ
һŭȵô𣿡˵ǰӣʵôأţ
ǰϿϵ˫뵽ոֻĸоٶȸеθﷺᣬþȫƿһֳŴأֲϵظŻ
˴һ㣬վ˼㶵ؿãˤŶȥȥʱűŭķ
ָŻһ󣬷һشϣЩնصŴ
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ʱȻһֱھܾȴûʱһĶġΪʲôˣѪԵϵΪʲôвͬ

55



ҹһɫӰڷУбڴϵһ񣬵òμϡ
ؿһۣǣã
ĪԶƣӢĸΪţһ֧ʮ˵¥ƽȫ飬Ϊĸ顱ĸӢۣ˴ŶǻģģҲģ¡ܳΪã֮дѳˣȴû뵽ֻǸʮꡣ
û˵ӣػصǣñ𷣡ֱֱؿǿҵĳ֮ھΡ
˵˵£ʮһӵ˸߳ҽ¥ʧѪʱһЭ¥¥ĸ顱Ҳǳֱʡ¥Ĵ¹ˣ¶ʩ̣ѧһ֮ͳһڡԺñΪүү¥
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¡ڰ֣̫ˡ
ǡһϷԸҵĶ
˹򿪿ۣһ£û֪ͨԣ쳷˿ɫȥɡ
ǣøˡʩһϢƽʧڷС
ڴںڰдã̾ϢһϢ

ʱô¸뵰ׯǱȥׯеʮܣΪ˶Ϊõʱȴ֪˱ܿصİ½ڣǰٶȲ졣
һƬɽʱǰ澹ȻӰһһɽʯ棬ҲѸӦ¸ѹһƬɽʯ棬סſԵ죬סӼɽķ϶ǰ̽š
һ۵ļɽǰפ㣬סһʮȻʯ飬Ťһ£תȦϢģǰһڡٲȥתۼʧڶУʯűˡ
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ȥƮƵʧĶǰķŤһ£ȦǰɽʯһԻ֮ǰǸڡûԥ̿˽ȥǰһĶںˡ
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ǣڸϹȥҲֻܿΪ㣬ջҵġ

56


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бãΣмʮˣǰȥ
ֹȻɫз˺Ȱ衣壬ֺγ֪ԣ˵Ҳûã

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ΪʲôĶ˰ɣȴһӱ˺

Ҫ£ңҪĴ𰸣

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չҪǰȴһסչŭؿȴԼҡҡͷġ
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л㱼䣬ƺǸ˵Ӱֻɱŵػһ

57

˴ˣʱֵؼҪ
Ȼûͣ½ŲǷһǸɫӰ
ը˲䣬ߴһ̾ϢǸ˵ԡ
һ죬ûһг䶨ըԴ֮⣬ɫӰӵš
㡪Щ㶵ؿǰĿ˵
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ʲôô䡣
عԼ˱ӵڻУЩϰߵ΢һ£ȴӵøЩε˵Ҳܣ㲻ñô
תΣղ㲻˹һΪѾһλˣû뵽㻹ô뿪ҡ
һ㶣ͻȻЦ˿紺紵ذ㣬˱ů㣬һʱǰŷ֣Ͱˡ
㡪һ˲Ĵͣ΢΢һЦЦҲΪ֮ɫͬʱļ䣬һһ
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ûԵͷȥȴĳϻһĴָϸĺһ˾Ȼһεľӣ֣ɻؿʵʲô
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ǻ﷢һƵģȴô顣
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ܻӭϸǼӽͬʱҲŹЩ׵Ĵתսԡ
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ͷʵ˲סģ
ݱԺɫµĻ㱨ʧˣô
ֶ֮һʡ

58


һص䱤Ȳӵ
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59



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һᴦת䣬ǶԲֵ˵ľ飡
ȻһЦ̫顣
Ů߱ؾ

60



֪˵ģ֮һûǰֹżԶԶҲʶȤƵ߿ӻܰƽԽԽ˵е㷳⡣һʱʱ̶̿Ҫһ䵭ʮֲߣֲ֪ףƽϲޱһ˷ա
գһ㳶ղһҹ˳˯Ѩ˾
峿ɾҫۣȴûʲô¶ȡһڿγһƬʵ̾˿ǰȥ
æµؽһĹԶԶһı谮ٱͣϵĻƣδţй顣
ʲôͻȻͣסŲʵ
һӰԱߵ˳ǰãڻ硪
죬Ҫǰȥ䣬ԶԶ˵ӰܲסԼĵظں档û뵽ô㱻ˣЩӵģ֪ôش
ܵһֱЩøУɫΣҲ׷ʣ˵£߰ɡ
û£û¡Ƶģеشﻹһ˿ȵӣ΢΢𣬷ʧ̬Щڨڨػһ硪
ǳǳһЦżֳ˵Ǳ߰ɡ˵ƹǰС
ЦݾȻһЩѣεĸоعʱ򣬲ŷԶæȥͬС
ݵ꣬һŰƮݾһ³һƬֵѩУҲЩ¾Ļ档
硪ãƳĬףԥһ£˳ǣ𣿡һֽһŵؿ֪ǺǺĴ𰸡
ǣסŲתġĮԶ
硪һгҪҡ
Įؿϲޱ
硪ٴΰһֻʣģΣһᾴ㣬ɡħ
İĮʵ֪ģ
һ㶣ηګګ˵ңңżȻġ
รһ㲻תȥ
޴ظ󣬲ҳһ
ԼһӹȥԼɼҩˣͻȻסŲ㱼һͷײıϣʱ˰벽
硪쿴գػһ
Ҳ⡣˵ȴһ˿Ц
öûӦ
бһۣתҩȥǱӰ쿴ƺ졣񣬱ˣˣ
硪Сһ˶ţæȥشСУȻˣҡ
΢΢𣬵ʮˣСһҪж磬ʵϣ쵱ˣֻǣδйָ顣
ȴǶһʱ˼ǧʱҲӣ
мױ㲻ӰӦǴȰĸףȴֻƴѧϰĲš书һҲ£ԱӮĸһۻعˡȻֱڣδۿԼһۡ
뵽Ц븸ӽһΣűǴα֮ʱΪеѪڰɣ˵Ǵε֮Ҳøֻܵĸǡذı֣
С˵Լи磬һĸ뿪䱤ĸ磬Ȼĸ׶ҪСĵȴ޷ֹԼǿҵĺ档糤ʲôԼСǿʹţĸһҲԼ𣿻ΪԼǸֻ׶Ĵ󹷴𣿻ᡭ
ȻһĮȴǳοԼʱĸоůδйůůһȽΪ飬ֻǣͻȻѪԵޱӦɡ
κ˶ȻˮȴԸԼᡣСεĴָоɣ븸ôʲôϵֻҪϲģǸҲԸΪɣֺαظأֻҪˡ
˼䣬ԶۼҪһ֮£ʩչṦ˹ȥһסӣе硪
סŲתͷɻؿ
΢Щεؿ˿žֵʯһССֿѪɼ
˳߿ȥȻصͷǸƧԴͷ
硪Щһ·ʵ븸֮£ǰղСĸ̸֪ġԲĸףҲ˺ҵĸ硣
üʵΪθңԸԼĸס
ң췴ãΪ㣬ֵá
ĬȻֵԶԡ濴ôгȴʹһ˵ۡ
֣ɱ
һͷһȴһӭȻ˷ǿҵ޷ӵƣƵӢݴ˿̱鲼˪ؿǡ
Ȼ
ʵʵ´ҳһ£۾˳ƣһֱץסֱۣ类ư㼱æſѸٺһ󲽡ﲻͣشŹģĸףǾ¶׽
ƻؿ粽ȴ˲ǰӿеãһͷϵ´¡
ԥһ£ǹӦǡΪǵؿһۺĬȻȥ
Թ¶ıӰЩ̣סЩؿһۡ
һַգͳصһѳӵ뻳УȲ˵أҲᣬЩüͷȴδᣬ˵Ҳϲע
ؿһۣӡ
ںؿһۣ
ãͻȻʵڵʲô
һһΣµص˼ʲô
Įгǣؿ㲻𣿡
ָϣһֻϵֲԽ΢΢սãԴɳƵ𣺡ǵģҺܲЩ̴ӡ
۾ںڰп̻˿ܵ飬ĮŸο˵òãΪ㶯ġĬãֽ˵ңԼԼ
һȵЩԲĲؿǰãá
Ҹø㣬ҡ㡣ĮŲصüĲݺݵػӵƽеļ¶
Ĵ𽥹һȡ

61


ϴ˵Ժʱ̲ңֻûѹֵദû졣ʱ˴ͬһһбڴǰҽ飬һϥһҵ˴֡
ϡӰһͻȻУгһ㡣
ҽ̧ͷؿӰһһۣʵʲôˣ
⡪Ӱһ͵͵һԼϣȴԱۣɮ붨һ㣬ص顢¥¥Īԣ֮ǰð֮룬ĸӦû˵ɣ
һ£عζ΢΢ҲһԿרĳˣʵ
áӰһʹͷŬ˹ֵԽԽѹ
ϵҽ飬Ṧת˲㲻Ӱ
ӰһʱеѹֲסˡһѪȻ̧ͷԼҵϣȴſۣǧ꺮ʯһӲ絶ֱʧķ򡣳Ĭķŭ緢ĻɽΣҲɲ⡣
ϡӰһ֪ȻЩ鲻ò¼СǼһ𡣡
ԻعͷʵʵѹӰһſϣûб飬Ȼ亹ȴͣ
֪ԵʣüԽͨһ˲䶳
ʱδ˵顣ӰһȵоȻһ˿ѲĲ
ߡһһ棬ȥ
Ӱһиȫʪ͸ǰĵҲһС̲ˮգԵش˸ŭ֮·ƱˣϵĹ־ˣ޲¶羴Ĺ⡣


ſУǺƣȴǷ֡εش˸Ƿʹس˵СôûûǱ˰ɣ
ĪĪԼĪӰԣ¶˿ǣѩЩ޵س˳ĪӰ䣬Щ䵭һƳ
˵֪޷綼˵ԸĪ΢æȳȻ˵ƽ£زˡ
Ƴһۣû˵ǧĸ꣬϶ǲģٵ
Ī°ڣҲڵģǰǳ䵽ϣôû£
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οʲôĪüͷɻʵ
ûʲôҡҡͷ¼ǳˣĵһᡣ
ðɡĪͷǵͶſڣüĨӰɵؾ
Ųһ£ţСĸԼĶӶϵ𣿡
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εس֣
ĪʱعԭĽתɷŭ嵽ǰָıСӣһʧپǼ£Ϣңﻹûˣ
ֻǵؿӦ
ߣΣĪһתϣһࡣСӣǧ겻ľͷԼȡƵģˡ
ǳͷȥοԼԼĳˡ
ѽΰϣˡ˵վֻӣʱһ㣬̲סΪһ亹
ɨһۣ˵Сӣ
㶼ˣɰͷ˼ֻǾССӡ
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ĪӰӲһ£æѹѹĵ׵˵ˣûʲô˵ģѾûˡ
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ɻؿǣ
ߣѩٴһԼöʶ治֪ô˴ģ
ĪӰ״æѩ磬Ҳģţá
ءมһתĪԣˡ
ĪǳǳһЦϻҿ㣬ĪԵ֮գ
Ҳ໰һЦڲС
ֻǡĪԴЩһЦ˵ǷΪǽһ£վʲô飬Ȼ㶯еźţ߷ҪȥʱȴʧȥϢ
Įɫһ뵽սӣҲɵظеƤȡ
ôǲǵˣʵ侮ʯϳԱĻɲ࣬ôз
бһۣһʱְˡ
มһĪԶһۣมһ˲ŵӡ
飡ЩǱȵͻǱߵķֲɽˣ
鷭˸ۣУεصͷܣڳｨС
һ¡
ǰɣ鰧̾ģԹؿϣܸұ⡣
Ӷδĵѵھȥü
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ѩӵ˵ߣŭؿŭʲô˼㣿
һʱӦʲôʱѯѩĪӰ
⡪ĪӰ֪˵Ҳ֪Сʲô
߿ѩһƿĪӰתΪ˭Ҵôƾʲôң
һͣһֱӰɣתͷĪȥȴȻصͷֻЩεضѩʵô
ѩû뵽Ŀһе˾Эˣ֪ôˡ
ˣѩ硣ĪӰϽ˵ֻǣΪ֮ǰ˵´򱧲ƽڳȴ˵ƺ̫ˡ
ʱȻֻЦЦ
˿ģһѴ˽ҲΧˣֱǰ§ǵĶ
Ӷ˶УҪ˵òãһҲġ
˸ǱĶ׵ˣѩû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼһ棬ȴǲȻûоܾΪ
ǳĪòҵ𾪵س
ػһˡѣǿ


62


һ§סֱ۽˽Ȼܸ̹˵ĹϵʱҲ֮ǰĳڹ⼤ˣߣˣ棬Ҫúõһ¡
˵ķӦͬľ֮ĪԵغĲ裬ƺ֮ǰ˲һ㣻һһէվ룬ּ̱ϰ̾ԼĿɱˣͣĪıԻ
ĪӰԭأؿ˰Ӱ¶ȻʹڣԭǿԽܵģΪʲôԼʱȡ
ף磬ǡѩòҵԼȴ֪˵Щʲô˵飬Լôܵˣ
Ȼɨ˹ζʮ㣬ѩڶĻҲҿڡ
ǳ㡪ĪƽЩ˫ǵؿǲǱƵģ
ȣĳ˲ȻϲˣòƺǿæĸĵİˣΪǳ׾ͱв𣿡䲻£в˾Ͳˡ
ΪʲôĪûֳˬĳˣǣΪʲôˣ˵͵͵ĳһۣɫŵȴ΢˵˺Ļһ𣿡
ؿԼǰˣΪΪԼ˳һˣȻ˵Ƴһ˶ίƵġ
æĪ󣬶ĳ罣ߣƽض˵ȻͻȻ˵㣬ǣǳף㡣˵Ϳ֮è壬ܾЩ֪룬Ͼǳ֮ͬ⻹Ǹӣǳǣ˵ǴģѪԵϵҪԵѹ֪֮ģҲֻףˡ
㡪Īس½󣬲ţô԰Ǹˣ
عؿҲ֪Ϊʲôôǿҵطԣ˵δȫ飬뵽һ˿ʹ࣬ȴƽ˵ӦǳԼѡ񣬾֧һ
Īһ͵رסҲǵĵֻŪǳѣ벻ҪҶĸ顣
ãůůЦˣػر̫СˣĵǶģģ˭ֱȵǼҵǳţ˵ñǼ˵ıӡ
Ī룬ЦŻ˻ͷҶˡ
ιιι鿴ϷϵļƤ񶼿쳤ˣæϵСѣǿƵòã˵ʱͣĪӰѩϴתСѡָ˭ԶֻĪӰʧ˻㣬ɵɵؿ˵İɫӰĻûѩĪ§סһ̱ˣһ·ȻλܵеݣôҲû뵽ǾȻֹϵ֮治УֻǣԼĸ磬Ϊʲô¶ң
ĪһЦɿԷȴǽǣ֡
ŵش˸ٿĪԣмεʼ磬ƺ˵ڵˣû취
Ī΢΢һЦͬ⡣
ߣɨһ̵ۣʵ
ͷԼ˳ȥ
ĪӰ˵˷ŵӰþûж
ˣЩɵۣؿȥķ
ĪƽغĲ裬ͷҲδ̧һ£ŵ˵ǣ絣һԼƺһ񡣡
ֻ֪ٯٯˣﻹǵЩС£ں˵
𣿡Ī΢̧΢̧ͷһۣȴΪ׼պ󱯲ҵɣҪ֪ԵĮǵȴϢҪûĿĻǾ͵ùˡĪΪĬ
ΪƳһۣŵ˲ûжٺøУӦ˵˶ûʲôøУƵһӵοĪƫƫӣʲôɵˣöˣͬΪ£ͦӣˡ
ĪǳǳһЦûٽӻ
鷴﷢£ϣˣҲǵ
ĪЦؿŮˣǡ
ǳ²ûģٵȵȣ϶ǡĪĵؽ͵
Ҳǡ룬͵
Ȼñһܼģͷ˽Լ˹дż԰˸˵λͣٱĳ˿ͷʼλɷǰ
ʱѩͻȻܹܿɻϵң
ܹܣϤһ£żɻ󿴹ȥֻѩһ۱˳ǵǱ뿪С㣬ֻǸ˴ˣҲЩȴǽࡣֻǣСΪʲôٱһ𣿼ݵԥܹܴż̽ʵǣС㣿
ѩȤ벻ܹܻǵ֮ǰĶࡣѩСõƤﵽһЩĶʱܹܿͷ˺ܾá
㰡С㣿ܹܼǰؿʵȥΪʲô䱤Ϲͷ
ѩԿЦһ£ֲܹǲ֪ѩǱϳ䱤ġ
ܹܳĬһº󣬰οģһʱȻûˡ
ѩ粻ÿɷѾϣˣ֮ǰû˵ʲô׼ԼرǲԸʹȻЩûô˻£ǲġ
ܹܳ̾һȻ֪ӣֻϣԺԸһ㡣
ѩҲЩȻţ䱤Ӧ֤ʵһ¶ңӣѵࣿһԵĪӰȥܲΪԼҸ
һʱ˸˼

ӵͤӶϡ
ҺܿġԶǳǳ˼Ϊ
รͷǰŪ˳ķ˿ػһ
°ĥĥͷ׷̫࣬ͻȻıףҾȻЩ֪룬֮ǰŻõûʧ
ڰˣͣϵĶ״Ʋһʵ
΢΢˹ͷģ˷˳һƬģ
һ£ƱʲôģΪҲ֪
ԣҪͷһ𻰱һںסĴ
ؼƺֻʣһ԰ӵǡ

63


䱤˼λٱĹ֪ͣǵݣȴ˿Ǳʣٱǵ̬Ҳ˵ָʾꡣҪ֪ǵٱ䵭ز̫ˣȻ⼸ż¶΢΢һЦȻֻǹһǣҲ˾ˡҶԶĮһڲ֮ǰǵġٱ⡣
ǣǵ˳ԴףŤһƫԴһŵˡ
Ҳδһۣɢе˵жʮ졣
ɫʱ˲Ӭһѿβڰ˵ϣ㲻˵İɣ
ڲͷһۣ˵أ
Ҫеˣװϡ
졣˿ڲ裬ɫȻ˵
ʱ鷴ˣôãˣһ飬ҲûøġԹؿһۣȴ޶ԣڲʵشǡ
Ҫæˡﱯ̾ţһ㲻Ӱ
һֱǱݵĪ̲ס͡һЦ˳ϲԱһĪϲŮɱӣ˭ϸԼȥءĪ⣩
ͷЩεػһû취СһҲûڶǰƫƫϲӡ
ôǺܺЦĪͷ˲ģֻƤèһŽ
ĪԵĿҵ̩ɽ
ĶŵĪһ˿ڣ˼÷ҵ⣬ǰ¥յʲôִӣ䱤У
ԿһдЩЦ⣬ʮ壬ɽԼ̱ĪԱɫСĸĹԽԽˡ
ĪԱϷʵ񿴵òĶӣЩԹֵܹ𣿿Ů˵ٯٯֻҪǸˣ᲻ڰɣȻֹҪų⡣
ִ᣿Īһ˲뵽ʮǰǴΣʱﶼ˱仯Ǹ°ӰȴɫֻǴ˿ѲͬˣΨ¼͡ЦſԼҶӣǳҪμӣ
Ŀʵȥʾ䣬ȴǿ϶ġ
Īͷϲ֡
Ǳȥա׿ϡ
ҮĪһҲΪĸסݣţʲôʱҿȲˣ
΢΢һЦǾЦ˲ʧ񣬵һ£ձɳ⻹𣿸ǴкҲǸū
รáĪûӸղŵлعʧػص
ΪǸ˵ģһЦʯȻƮȻȥ

䱤ĳ
⼸쾿ô£ѩ̲סǰˡ
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ѩ类̬ȼŭˣǰָıӺ⼸죬һֱĲɵģ˵û£
ĪӰüͷؿ
㡪ѩᣬʲô̬ȣ
ĪӰƽ˵ʲô̬ȲŶԣͻȻңʲô
ѩһͣջؼ㵽Ǽ֣˵䱤ܲԾ֪𣿡ԭض˼ؿĪӰ㱣˵Ҳ֪شʱ顣֡˵һ׽סָ֣̯ܲӡоɣȴͬ뵽ʱյöôĽĺۼ
㡪ѩһᣬ㵽ѹʲôҪŪԼ۵ؿʲôΪʲôңѾˣ㻹ʲôܸ˵ģ
ҡĪӰһ͵ؽӵ뻳Уȴ֪οڡҪô˵ѵҰ磬һֱûʾҲԼȴû룬Ȼ㸸׵ĸ飡ҰûڡʹԽ
ĬãĪӰЩؿڣ˼ˣֻ֮ǰЩûͨѾûˡȻѾʹڶϳҲ޼£鷳ɣôŷſɣοѩ磬Ҳܸˡ
ģѩ羪ϲ̧ͷ
ȻĪӰޱȼᶨ
Ӱѩһ˽ĻС
ĪӰҲػرסȴһӰȡӰӡ

ִ᣿ӵ뻳ǰͷʵʮǰȥһΣûʲô˼ôͻȻȥˣ
Сĸϲ֡Ҳһ˿īָơ
ᣬôҪҲΪҪȥʲôִΪ
תͷЦЦؿԴף
䡰ߡһ
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͡һЦ˳ʱĺܿɰʮСһɬ˺Цۡ
㡪ᣬǰԶƣûзء
ޣٶĳ˷ڴæȥμǸִỹһԭ򡣡
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˴ִ˵ҪԸԽԽħ̣ҵȴְħ̲ݵĺۼУ˵
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һɣҪĿꡪһ£䱤
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Ƴһۣ֪θִʲôĿģ
ȥ˲֪ˡ˵Իò˸ۣοǸ˻ı
û˵֮С죬ñʲô飬ȻҲŹ㡣
ĪĪӰѩһȻ䱤ǰɽĪ缸ձȻȥ¥¥ǰ

64


ɽλݣԭһСɽǰʱϵĵһʢ׷ɱڵһνˣȻһܾˣͬھɽҲɴ˵ʢ֪ѣڴ˾һִᣬһΪʢа׵һΧɱνһšԺɽһִĴͳɽҲΪ֪
һ˳ŵ磬Բʱ䣬һ·ɽˮɽµľӢʱִǰһ硣
°һ·ó죬ȴⲻҪСһ졣һʱȲǰ¿ˮҲˣ˭ҳ鲼ĹٵϵһҲܲˣοһע󣬴ʱ泾˪Щ֪ˣһŽߵԶ
·Ӹµؿһۣس
̲㱻һҭסˣݺݵصһۣʲԸطżѶõĿջȥ
Цؿȴ׽еһ˿ϷʣɵΪĬ
Ӣԭһʮ˵СׯɽĳطչǼʹٷֻôסʮֽšССĵ֮أ˵ǡȴһʮ֮һסɵҲǧˡһûʲô飬ЩĽ˱㳣޴ɹ飬ֻ¶Ұ⣬Ϊ˿ջһ䷿
ϽˣԼȻ᷸˵ͼĴ˰һ¶ȣҲûͬУֻǣٰƵϺé«ͷ࣬Ҳֻε̾
ʱһվںջУǰ˱ݡ
λ̨ƣˡԱȭһ
˵˲֣ҲҪ˭δûô˰㡣ƸʱǺ죬ʮ꾹ȻСӰֽ޴룬ګګ֪
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65


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